Fabric samples and mechanical characteristics
| Fiber | Weaving knitting | Thickness of yarn | Tensile | Bending | Shear | Compression | Surface | Thickness | Weight | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LT | WT | RT | G | 2HG | 2HG5 | B | 2HB | LC | WC | RC | MIU | MMD | SMD | TO | W | |||
| – | gf⋅cm/cm2 | % | gf/cm⋅degree | gf/cm | gf/cm | gf⋅cm2/cm | gf⋅cm/cm | – | gf⋅cm/cm2 | % | – | – | μm | mm | mg/m2 | |||
| Cotton | PW | F | 0.66 | 10.51 | 46.22 | 1.08 | 1.23 | 4.55 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 52.11 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 2.44 | 0.35 | 11.21 |
| PW | M | 0.71 | 10.54 | 47.72 | 2.29 | 2.77 | 7.60 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 50.52 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 4.70 | 0.47 | 17.23 | |
| PW | T | 0.62 | 9.46 | 48.10 | 2.25 | 2.44 | 7.25 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 45.85 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 6.26 | 0.66 | 25.65 | |
| T | F | 0.66 | 10.67 | 44.60 | 1.68 | 3.30 | 8.26 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 36.53 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 2.00 | 0.60 | 16.25 | |
| T | M | 0.63 | 10.11 | 46.13 | 0.86 | 1.04 | 3.47 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.31 | 0.16 | 47.27 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 1.80 | 0.57 | 19.50 | |
| T | T | 0.60 | 10.63 | 44.09 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 3.77 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.39 | 0.16 | 46.29 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 2.67 | 0.70 | 26.89 | |
| S | F | 0.62 | 9.36 | 43.32 | 0.51 | 0.84 | 2.14 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.13 | 46.11 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 1.40 | 0.41 | 12.00 | |
| S | M | 0.65 | 9.43 | 45.19 | 1.11 | 1.91 | 4.60 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 44.28 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 1.54 | 0.67 | 23.53 | |
| PS | F | 0.83 | 9.28 | 32.02 | 0.80 | 2.77 | 3.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 39.44 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 2.86 | 0.74 | 13.94 | |
| PS | M | 0.87 | 8.01 | 32.22 | 0.77 | 3.18 | 3.47 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 37.07 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 3.44 | 0.86 | 16.03 | |
| R | F | 0.84 | 15.39 | 37.14 | 0.61 | 2.02 | 2.10 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 41.71 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 7.44 | 0.87 | 15.28 | |
| R | M | 0.96 | 8.54 | 33.59 | 1.12 | 4.66 | 5.33 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 39.33 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 7.17 | 1.36 | 31.19 | |
| Hemp | PW | M | 0.59 | 13.16 | 29.46 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 37.74 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 7.81 | 0.57 | 15.84 |
| PW | T | 0.61 | 14.30 | 35.28 | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.66 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 41.62 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 9.22 | 0.69 | 21.90 | |
| T | F | 0.49 | 13.31 | 32.94 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 41.50 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 4.02 | 0.59 | 13.80 | |
| Wool | PW | M | 0.59 | 12.22 | 65.99 | 0.53 | 0.31 | 1.13 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 72.25 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 5.99 | 0.39 | 16.06 |
| PW | T | 0.51 | 11.68 | 56.41 | 0.54 | 0.94 | 1.83 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 62.42 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 5.32 | 0.74 | 25.64 | |
| T | M | 0.69 | 12.70 | 62.43 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 1.31 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 63.55 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 2.42 | 0.61 | 21.70 | |
| T | T | 0.51 | 10.44 | 52.65 | 0.49 | 0.97 | 1.63 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 66.73 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 2.90 | 0.83 | 24.62 | |
| S | M | 0.68 | 10.01 | 61.65 | 0.71 | 0.94 | 2.06 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 68.90 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 2.67 | 0.79 | 25.86 | |
| PS | M | 0.94 | 8.75 | 50.67 | 1.03 | 2.46 | 3.10 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 68.74 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 3.39 | 1.14 | 29.04 | |
| PS | T | 0.85 | 12.65 | 38.84 | 0.56 | 2.22 | 2.34 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.43 | 0.93 | 56.73 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 7.34 | 2.33 | 27.67 | |
| R | M | 0.74 | 7.18 | 54.36 | 0.57 | 1.01 | 1.19 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.74 | 61.97 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 8.69 | 1.90 | 26.19 | |
| Silk | PW | F | 0.60 | 18.27 | 46.60 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.05 | 81.81 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 2.61 | 0.22 | 6.56 |
| T | F | 0.58 | 3.93 | 68.37 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.04 | 76.61 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.16 | 6.39 | |
| S | F | 0.58 | 9.56 | 53.50 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 76.79 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 1.46 | 0.21 | 7.07 | |
| Cupro | PW | F | 0.69 | 7.19 | 65.33 | 2.84 | 2.99 | 9.22 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 75.46 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 8.03 | 0.27 | 12.94 |
| T | F | 0.72 | 4.24 | 71.40 | 12.17 | 23.65 | 30.24 | 0.79 | 0.27 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 91.45 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 7.49 | 0.33 | 20.29 | |
| S | F | 0.73 | 4.17 | 67.35 | 6.89 | 7.99 | 18.70 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.49 | 0.03 | 78.03 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 1.40 | 0.33 | 18.41 | |
| Nylon | PW | F | 0.63 | 19.02 | 42.34 | 0.27 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.22 | 56.78 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 9.67 | 0.60 | 8.53 |
| PW | M | 0.59 | 6.60 | 70.62 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.79 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 62.11 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 3.81 | 0.21 | 6.42 | |
| T | F | 0.64 | 10.90 | 57.34 | 1.16 | 1.36 | 4.63 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 65.21 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.65 | 0.32 | 17.45 | |
| S | F | 0.67 | 13.29 | 58.33 | 0.80 | 1.26 | 3.27 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 57.11 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 2.44 | 0.56 | 20.10 | |
| Polyester | PW | F | 0.64 | 4.18 | 67.87 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 1.19 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.48 | 0.04 | 75.95 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 1.04 | 0.18 | 9.39 |
| T | F | 0.77 | 25.04 | 55.47 | 0.39 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 48.51 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 2.73 | 0.68 | 23.28 | |
| T | M | 0.87 | 6.39 | 49.45 | 0.91 | 2.11 | 2.30 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.54 | 0.15 | 53.65 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 5.87 | 0.64 | 13.66 | |
| S | F | 0.70 | 6.18 | 64.03 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.57 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 129.00 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 1.30 | 0.10 | 6.60 | |
| PS | F | 0.66 | 4.69 | 68.56 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.02 | 115.13 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 1.40 | 0.10 | 6.66 | |
| R | F | 0.66 | 3.72 | 65.95 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.63 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 97.29 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.78 | 0.15 | 10.56 | |
| Fiber | Weaving knitting | Thickness of yarn | Tensile | Bending | Shear | Compression | Surface | Thickness | Weight | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LT | WT | RT | G | 2HG | 2HG5 | B | 2HB | LC | WC | RC | MIU | MMD | SMD | TO | W | |||
| – | gf⋅cm/cm2 | % | gf/cm⋅degree | gf/cm | gf/cm | gf⋅cm2/cm | gf⋅cm/cm | – | gf⋅cm/cm2 | % | – | – | mm | mg/m2 | ||||
| Cotton | PW | F | 0.66 | 10.51 | 46.22 | 1.08 | 1.23 | 4.55 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 52.11 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 2.44 | 0.35 | 11.21 |
| PW | M | 0.71 | 10.54 | 47.72 | 2.29 | 2.77 | 7.60 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 50.52 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 4.70 | 0.47 | 17.23 | |
| PW | T | 0.62 | 9.46 | 48.10 | 2.25 | 2.44 | 7.25 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 45.85 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 6.26 | 0.66 | 25.65 | |
| T | F | 0.66 | 10.67 | 44.60 | 1.68 | 3.30 | 8.26 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 36.53 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 2.00 | 0.60 | 16.25 | |
| T | M | 0.63 | 10.11 | 46.13 | 0.86 | 1.04 | 3.47 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.31 | 0.16 | 47.27 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 1.80 | 0.57 | 19.50 | |
| T | T | 0.60 | 10.63 | 44.09 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 3.77 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.39 | 0.16 | 46.29 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 2.67 | 0.70 | 26.89 | |
| S | F | 0.62 | 9.36 | 43.32 | 0.51 | 0.84 | 2.14 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.13 | 46.11 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 1.40 | 0.41 | 12.00 | |
| S | M | 0.65 | 9.43 | 45.19 | 1.11 | 1.91 | 4.60 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 44.28 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 1.54 | 0.67 | 23.53 | |
| PS | F | 0.83 | 9.28 | 32.02 | 0.80 | 2.77 | 3.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 39.44 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 2.86 | 0.74 | 13.94 | |
| PS | M | 0.87 | 8.01 | 32.22 | 0.77 | 3.18 | 3.47 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 37.07 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 3.44 | 0.86 | 16.03 | |
| R | F | 0.84 | 15.39 | 37.14 | 0.61 | 2.02 | 2.10 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 41.71 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 7.44 | 0.87 | 15.28 | |
| R | M | 0.96 | 8.54 | 33.59 | 1.12 | 4.66 | 5.33 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 39.33 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 7.17 | 1.36 | 31.19 | |
| Hemp | PW | M | 0.59 | 13.16 | 29.46 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 37.74 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 7.81 | 0.57 | 15.84 |
| PW | T | 0.61 | 14.30 | 35.28 | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.66 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 41.62 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 9.22 | 0.69 | 21.90 | |
| T | F | 0.49 | 13.31 | 32.94 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 41.50 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 4.02 | 0.59 | 13.80 | |
| Wool | PW | M | 0.59 | 12.22 | 65.99 | 0.53 | 0.31 | 1.13 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 72.25 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 5.99 | 0.39 | 16.06 |
| PW | T | 0.51 | 11.68 | 56.41 | 0.54 | 0.94 | 1.83 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 62.42 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 5.32 | 0.74 | 25.64 | |
| T | M | 0.69 | 12.70 | 62.43 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 1.31 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 63.55 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 2.42 | 0.61 | 21.70 | |
| T | T | 0.51 | 10.44 | 52.65 | 0.49 | 0.97 | 1.63 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 66.73 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 2.90 | 0.83 | 24.62 | |
| S | M | 0.68 | 10.01 | 61.65 | 0.71 | 0.94 | 2.06 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 68.90 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 2.67 | 0.79 | 25.86 | |
| PS | M | 0.94 | 8.75 | 50.67 | 1.03 | 2.46 | 3.10 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 68.74 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 3.39 | 1.14 | 29.04 | |
| PS | T | 0.85 | 12.65 | 38.84 | 0.56 | 2.22 | 2.34 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.43 | 0.93 | 56.73 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 7.34 | 2.33 | 27.67 | |
| R | M | 0.74 | 7.18 | 54.36 | 0.57 | 1.01 | 1.19 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.74 | 61.97 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 8.69 | 1.90 | 26.19 | |
| Silk | PW | F | 0.60 | 18.27 | 46.60 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 0.05 | 81.81 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 2.61 | 0.22 | 6.56 |
| T | F | 0.58 | 3.93 | 68.37 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.04 | 76.61 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.16 | 6.39 | |
| S | F | 0.58 | 9.56 | 53.50 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 76.79 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 1.46 | 0.21 | 7.07 | |
| Cupro | PW | F | 0.69 | 7.19 | 65.33 | 2.84 | 2.99 | 9.22 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 75.46 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 8.03 | 0.27 | 12.94 |
| T | F | 0.72 | 4.24 | 71.40 | 12.17 | 23.65 | 30.24 | 0.79 | 0.27 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 91.45 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 7.49 | 0.33 | 20.29 | |
| S | F | 0.73 | 4.17 | 67.35 | 6.89 | 7.99 | 18.70 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.49 | 0.03 | 78.03 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 1.40 | 0.33 | 18.41 | |
| Nylon | PW | F | 0.63 | 19.02 | 42.34 | 0.27 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.22 | 56.78 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 9.67 | 0.60 | 8.53 |
| PW | M | 0.59 | 6.60 | 70.62 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.79 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 62.11 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 3.81 | 0.21 | 6.42 | |
| T | F | 0.64 | 10.90 | 57.34 | 1.16 | 1.36 | 4.63 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 65.21 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.65 | 0.32 | 17.45 | |
| S | F | 0.67 | 13.29 | 58.33 | 0.80 | 1.26 | 3.27 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 57.11 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 2.44 | 0.56 | 20.10 | |
| Polyester | PW | F | 0.64 | 4.18 | 67.87 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 1.19 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.48 | 0.04 | 75.95 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 1.04 | 0.18 | 9.39 |
| T | F | 0.77 | 25.04 | 55.47 | 0.39 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 48.51 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 2.73 | 0.68 | 23.28 | |
| T | M | 0.87 | 6.39 | 49.45 | 0.91 | 2.11 | 2.30 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.54 | 0.15 | 53.65 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 5.87 | 0.64 | 13.66 | |
| S | F | 0.70 | 6.18 | 64.03 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.57 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 129.00 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 1.30 | 0.10 | 6.60 | |
| PS | F | 0.66 | 4.69 | 68.56 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.02 | 115.13 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 1.40 | 0.10 | 6.66 | |
| R | F | 0.66 | 3.72 | 65.95 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.63 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 97.29 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.78 | 0.15 | 10.56 | |
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