Table 5

Results of short-run and long-run estimates of ARDL model

VariablesARDL coefficient (Prob.)
Long run coefficients
Fiscal deficit (FD)1.8284 (0.003**)
Exchange rate (EXR)0.0295 (0.002**)
Trade openness (TO)0.2173 (0.095***)
Income (Y)0.0032 (0.003**)
Constant−8.5098 (0.000*)
Short run coefficients
Δ Current account deficit (CAD(−1))0.7896 (0.003*)
Δ Fiscal deficit (FD)0.4436 (0.002*)
Δ Fiscal deficit (FD(−1))2.8303 (0.004*)
Δ Fiscal deficit (FD(−2))−1.7593 (0.007*)
Δ Fiscal deficit (FD(−3))−1.1622 (0.000*)
Δ Exchange rate (EXR)0.0561 (0.012*)
Δ Exchange rate (EXR(−1))0.0281 (0.000*)
Δ Exchange rate (EXR(−2))0.0517 (0.014**)
Δ Exchange rate (EXR(−3))−0.0024 (0.871)
Δ Trade openness (TO)0.1665 (0.044**)
Δ Trade openness (TO(−1))0.0786 (0.217)
Δ Trade openness (TO(−2))0.1810 (0.005*)
Δ Trade openness (TO(−3))0.1769 (0.057***)
Δ Income (Y)0.0014 (0.016**)
Δ Income (Y(−1))0.0011 (0.000*)
Δ Income (Y(−2))0.0010 (0.000*)
Δ Income (Y(−3))0.0007 (0.0792***)
ECT(−1)−0.1921 (0.000*)
Diagnostic tests
R-squared0.9525
Adjusted R-squared0.8695
Normality [Jarque-Bera (p-value)]0.2914 (0.864)
Serial correlation [LM Test F-statistic (p-value)]1.0550 (0.4147)
Heteroscedasticity [Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey (p-value)]0.9525 (0.573)
Ramsey RESET Test [F-statistic (p-value)]1.4713 (0.270)

Note(s): *, **, *** indicates significant at 1%, 5% and 10% level of significance, respectively

Source(s): Author's Calculation Using Eviews

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