Table 2 Recommendations of key criteria... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Recommendations of key criteria and knowledge to fulfill before, during and after a disaster event

Identification of the social and psychological impacts
Before	• Identify the characteristics of the affected population (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Assess social vulnerabilities, the solidity of community ties, economic capacity and the reliability of physical and psychological care systems • Encourage initiatives aimed towards strengthening community relationships and resilience, such as recruiting community members as counselors (Rosen et al., 2010)
During	• Take an interest in the perception of the impact of the event on the affected population to adapt the intervention to it • Encourage community and social interventions while possible (Vernberg et al., 2008) to help make mental health services more consistent with cultural shared norms (Rosen et al., 2010) • Set up an infrastructure and call community members dedicated to psychosocial needs
After	• Offer an early assistance that is helpful and give a positive view of mental health assistance (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Provide psychoeducation to communities affected about stress reactions and coping to reduce distress and promote adaptive functioning (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Integrate comprehensive and integrated policies at all levels of governance (Pfefferbaum et al., 2012)
Management and communication of risk factors
Before	• Integrate the communication management into the global process and provide sufficient information and long-term communication resources (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Spread information about emergency preparedness to the public • Establish a media infrastructure and sufficient technological resources, to obtain information
During	• Make sure the information is understandable by as many people as possible by including indigenous community members in the management (Rosen et al., 2010) • Divide the intervention into different phases, including rescue phase and relief phase, which can be managed by community members (Rao, 2006) • Ensure pooled and coordinated communication between all the levels of governance and between stakeholders and decision-makers (Pfefferbaum et al., 2012) • Adapt the intervention to the affected population (Vernberg et al., 2008 ; Rao, 2006)
After	• Update the information to be shared based on lessons learned from the crisis and its management (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Ensure the continuity of services provided to victims (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Mobilize and enhance the best practices for recovery and prevention measures including sensitization and education. Make sure to adapt the post-disaster intervention according to the time elapsed since the event (Rao, 2006)
Crisis management
Before	• Know the type and the factors of vulnerabilities of the exposed population • Know the characteristics of the affected population to be prepared to adapt the intervention to her (Rosen et al., 2010) • Adequately prepare the populations most exposed to the risk of flooding in an appropriate language and make sure your instructions are understandable by all • Undertake a systemic review of the relationships between the context and mental health/well-being, such as the ways in which moderators interact with the context and the mental health system (Berry et al., 2018)
During	• Encourage community members who volunteer for the welfare of the community (Rao, 2006) and provide tailoring activities (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Ensure that an emergency call center is available (night and day) and specially set up for psychosocial needs • Try to stabilize the focus on the reduction of high arousal and emotionality by using strategies that promotestress relief (Rao, 2006) • Provide both physical and psychological comfort as well as activities that increase the community bonds (Vernberg et al., 2008)
After	• Wait for a safe period of time before lifting the new crisis habits • Encourage local repair actions (Norris and Alegria, 2005) • Remain attentive to the needs expressed by the population (active listening, promotion of empathic activities) (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Begin a process to reengage social contacts that are respectful and predictable to limit the loss of landmarks (Vernberg et al., 2008)

Identification of the social and psychological impacts
Before	• Identify the characteristics of the affected population (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Assess social vulnerabilities, the solidity of community ties, economic capacity and the reliability of physical and psychological care systems • Encourage initiatives aimed towards strengthening community relationships and resilience, such as recruiting community members as counselors (Rosen et al., 2010)
During	• Take an interest in the perception of the impact of the event on the affected population to adapt the intervention to it • Encourage community and social interventions while possible (Vernberg et al., 2008) to help make mental health services more consistent with cultural shared norms (Rosen et al., 2010) • Set up an infrastructure and call community members dedicated to psychosocial needs
After	• Offer an early assistance that is helpful and give a positive view of mental health assistance (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Provide psychoeducation to communities affected about stress reactions and coping to reduce distress and promote adaptive functioning (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Integrate comprehensive and integrated policies at all levels of governance (Pfefferbaum et al., 2012)
Management and communication of risk factors
Before	• Integrate the communication management into the global process and provide sufficient information and long-term communication resources (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Spread information about emergency preparedness to the public • Establish a media infrastructure and sufficient technological resources, to obtain information
During	• Make sure the information is understandable by as many people as possible by including indigenous community members in the management (Rosen et al., 2010) • Divide the intervention into different phases, including rescue phase and relief phase, which can be managed by community members (Rao, 2006) • Ensure pooled and coordinated communication between all the levels of governance and between stakeholders and decision-makers (Pfefferbaum et al., 2012) • Adapt the intervention to the affected population (Vernberg et al., 2008 ; Rao, 2006)
After	• Update the information to be shared based on lessons learned from the crisis and its management (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Ensure the continuity of services provided to victims (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Mobilize and enhance the best practices for recovery and prevention measures including sensitization and education. Make sure to adapt the post-disaster intervention according to the time elapsed since the event (Rao, 2006)
Crisis management
Before	• Know the type and the factors of vulnerabilities of the exposed population • Know the characteristics of the affected population to be prepared to adapt the intervention to her (Rosen et al., 2010) • Adequately prepare the populations most exposed to the risk of flooding in an appropriate language and make sure your instructions are understandable by all • Undertake a systemic review of the relationships between the context and mental health/well-being, such as the ways in which moderators interact with the context and the mental health system (Berry et al., 2018)
During	• Encourage community members who volunteer for the welfare of the community (Rao, 2006) and provide tailoring activities (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Ensure that an emergency call center is available (night and day) and specially set up for psychosocial needs • Try to stabilize the focus on the reduction of high arousal and emotionality by using strategies that promotestress relief (Rao, 2006) • Provide both physical and psychological comfort as well as activities that increase the community bonds (Vernberg et al., 2008)
After	• Wait for a safe period of time before lifting the new crisis habits • Encourage local repair actions (Norris and Alegria, 2005) • Remain attentive to the needs expressed by the population (active listening, promotion of empathic activities) (Vernberg et al., 2008) • Begin a process to reengage social contacts that are respectful and predictable to limit the loss of landmarks (Vernberg et al., 2008)