Table 1. Effects of climate extreme on... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Effects of climate extreme on life and livelihood of the Bangladeshi coastal communities

Sectors of effects		Description of effects	Sources
Livelihood	Food security	A decrease in rice production	Dasgupta et al. (2018)
	Marine and inland fishing	Decrease of fishing in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladeshi coast and freshwater sources	Islam et al. (2020)
	Crop diversity	Decrease of crop varieties due to the intrusion of saline water and monoculture	Dasgupta et al. (2018)
Migration	Forced migration from the coast to Bangladesh mainland	The residents who lost housing and agricultural land due to coastal erosion and storm surge inundation migrated to the adjacent urban city. They generally formed two types of settlement. These are: slum-dwelling within major city areas and settlement on the slope of hills	Mallick et al. (2020)
	Forced migration to adjacent Indian regions	Sea level rise and natural hazards induced displacements found to take illegal migration to adjacent India	Bose (2013)
	Voluntary stay and trapped population	Fishing communities are part of the voluntary staying community or some of them are trapped	Mallick and Schanze (2020)
Health	Deaths and injuries	Deaths resulting from cardio-respiratory diseases associated with high and low temperatures Deaths associated with a tropical cyclone, lightening and droughts, events	Shahid (2009)
	Malnutrition	The reduction of food diversity leads to malnutrition rate among coastal residents	Cooper et al. (2019)
	Safe drinking water	Coupled rise of tide levels and frequent coastal flooding increase salinity in groundwater. Drinking of saline contaminated water increases skin diseases, hair loss, diarrhoea, gastric and high blood pressure	Rakib et al. (2020)
	Gender dimensions of effects	A decrease in women income, rights, less food intake and undertaking stressful social life	Reggers (2019)
	Climate extreme induced disease and sickness	Mosquito-borne diseases, tick-borne disease (e.g. malaria, dengue), diarrhoea, gastric and acid secretion, high blood pressure, air pollution-related mortality and morbidity	Rahman et al. (2020)

Sectors of effects		Description of effects	Sources
Livelihood	Food security	A decrease in rice production	Dasgupta et al. (2018)
	Marine and inland fishing	Decrease of fishing in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladeshi coast and freshwater sources	Islam et al. (2020)
	Crop diversity	Decrease of crop varieties due to the intrusion of saline water and monoculture	Dasgupta et al. (2018)
Migration	Forced migration from the coast to Bangladesh mainland	The residents who lost housing and agricultural land due to coastal erosion and storm surge inundation migrated to the adjacent urban city. They generally formed two types of settlement. These are: slum-dwelling within major city areas and settlement on the slope of hills	Mallick et al. (2020)
	Forced migration to adjacent Indian regions	Sea level rise and natural hazards induced displacements found to take illegal migration to adjacent India	Bose (2013)
	Voluntary stay and trapped population	Fishing communities are part of the voluntary staying community or some of them are trapped	Mallick and Schanze (2020)
Health	Deaths and injuries	Deaths resulting from cardio-respiratory diseases associated with high and low temperaturesDeaths associated with a tropical cyclone, lightening and droughts, events	Shahid (2009)
	Malnutrition	The reduction of food diversity leads to malnutrition rate among coastal residents	Cooper et al. (2019)
	Safe drinking water	Coupled rise of tide levels and frequent coastal flooding increase salinity in groundwater. Drinking of saline contaminated water increases skin diseases, hair loss, diarrhoea, gastric and high blood pressure	Rakib et al. (2020)
	Gender dimensions of effects	A decrease in women income, rights, less food intake and undertaking stressful social life	Reggers (2019)
	Climate extreme induced disease and sickness	Mosquito-borne diseases, tick-borne disease (e.g. malaria, dengue), diarrhoea, gastric and acid secretion, high blood pressure, air pollution-related mortality and morbidity	Rahman et al. (2020)