Table 2. Community-led autonomous... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

Community-led autonomous adaptation actions of Bangladeshi coastal communities

Adaptation sectors		Description of adaptation strategies	Sources
(1) Livelihood	Changing rice crop farming to non-rice farming	A variety of crop farming, cultivation of jute, wheat, plum and pulses	Sarkar et al. (2013)
	Increased involvement in a variety of income sources	Earning money by wage labour, small business, construction works and livestock, poultry and duck rearing	Pouliotte et al. (2009)
	Selling land and taking a loan	Poor household often temporarily adapt to extreme climate events by selling land and taking loans	Alam (2002)
	Gender dimensions	Women are forced to adopt a hard job outside Grassroots innovations to climate change	Khalil et al. (2020)
	Mangrove plantation and conservation	Mangrove creates alternative livelihood and helps disaster risk reduction	Iqbal (2020)
	Temporary changes in occupations	For example, fishers temporarily undertake non-fishing jobs	Alam (2017)
	Raising homestead and plinth Using concrete as house construction materials	Low lying coastal and island inhabitants often raise homestead and plinth much higher than mainland people to mitigate the severe effects of coastal flooding Communities put best efforts to construct concrete-built houses	Kashem Shakil (2019)
(2) Human habitations	Planting trees	Planting trees around the house to reduce the intensity of storm surge attack	Younus (2017)
(2) Human habitations	Migration	Climate displaces and “refugees” move to urban centres	Mallick et al. (2017)
(3) Health	Self-care as health care	Season specific household levels strategies (i.e. self-knowledge, previous healing experience and caring for themselves) preventing sickness and diseases from extreme heat, cold and precipitation	Nibedita et al. (2016)

Adaptation sectors		Description of adaptation strategies	Sources
(1) Livelihood	Changing rice crop farming to non-rice farming	A variety of crop farming, cultivation of jute, wheat, plum and pulses	Sarkar et al. (2013)
	Increased involvement in a variety of income sources	Earning money by wage labour, small business, construction works and livestock, poultry and duck rearing	Pouliotte et al. (2009)
	Selling land and taking a loan	Poor household often temporarily adapt to extreme climate events by selling land and taking loans	Alam (2002)
	Gender dimensions	Women are forced to adopt a hard job outsideGrassroots innovations to climate change	Khalil et al. (2020)
	Mangrove plantation and conservation	Mangrove creates alternative livelihood and helps disaster risk reduction	Iqbal (2020)
	Temporary changes in occupations	For example, fishers temporarily undertake non-fishing jobs	Alam (2017)
	Raising homestead and plinthUsing concrete as house construction materials	Low lying coastal and island inhabitants often raise homestead and plinth much higher than mainland people to mitigate the severe effects of coastal floodingCommunities put best efforts to construct concrete-built houses	Kashem Shakil (2019)
(2) Human habitations	Planting trees	Planting trees around the house to reduce the intensity of storm surge attack	Younus (2017)
(2) Human habitations	Migration	Climate displaces and “refugees” move to urban centres	Mallick et al. (2017)
(3) Health	Self-care as health care	Season specific household levels strategies (i.e. self-knowledge, previous healing experience and caring for themselves) preventing sickness and diseases from extreme heat, cold and precipitation	Nibedita et al. (2016)

Source: Authors compilation 2021