Table 1

Studies which use air infiltration estimation methods

ReferenceTopicMethod used
Palin et al. (1996) Mechanical ventilationBREDEM reduction
Kalamees (2007) Measurement of air tightnessDivide-by-20
Hacker et al. (2008) Emissions modellingMinimum IAQ standard
Banfill et al. (2011) Mechanical ventilationDivide-by-20a
Porritt et al. (2011) Overheating modellingBREDEM reference
Banfill et al. (2012) Retrofit modellingDivide-by-20
Mavrogianni et al. (2012) Overheating modellingDwelling ageb
Oikonomou et al. (2012) Overheating modellingDwelling ageb
Porritt et al. (2012) Overheating modellingBREDEM reference
Mavrogianni et al. (2014) Overheating modellingDwelling ageb
Taylor et al. (2014b) Overheating modellingSAP reduction
Taylor et al. (2014a) Overheating modellingDwelling ageb
Beizaee et al. (2015) Heating controlsDivide-by-20
Taylor et al. (2015) Overheating modellingSAP reduction
Hong and Kim (2016) Infiltration rates in high rise buildingsDivide-by-20
Jack et al. (2016) Ventilation heat lossDivide-by-20
Sinnott (2016) Ventilation heat lossASHRAE basic
Taylor et al. (2016) Overheating modellingSAP reduction
Symonds et al. (2016) Overheating modellingSAP reduction
Jack et al. (2018) Co-heating test validationDivide-by-20c
Simson et al. (2017) Overheating modellingEstonian building regulations
Symonds et al. (2017) Overheating modellingSAP reduction
Echarri-Iribarren et al. (2019) Passivhaus evaluationSherman simplified
Crawley et al. (2019) AirtightnessSAP reduction
Li et al. (2019b) Overheating modellingCIBSE Guide Bd
Li et al. (2019a) In-use HTC estimationSAP reduction
MHCLG (2019) Overheating modellingCIBSE Guide Ae
Parker et al. (2019) Overheating modellingSAP reduction
Roberts et al. (2019a) Overheating modellingDivide-by-20f
Rodrigues et al. (2020) Thermal comfort modellingSherman simplifiedg

Note(s): Excludes studies which use the methods for comparison/validation purposes

aAcknowledges that “divide-by-20” is not perfect, but is advantageous due to its simplicity

bDwelling age was established using guidance from Stephen (2000), but it is not apparent how infiltration was derived

cNotes that only three of the seven participants used this method. Other participants used tracer gas. Acknowledges that “divide-by-20” was developed in the USA and may not be appropriate for UK homes

dCIBSE (2016) 

eCIBSE (2007) 

fAll four of the study participants used this method

gDerived from Pulse test data, not fan pressurisation

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