Mean, standard deviation and correlation matrix
| Variables | Mean | SD. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Product innovations | 0.34 | 0.47 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||
| 2. Process innovations | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||
| 3. Marketing innovations | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||
| 4. Organizational innovations | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
| 5. Internal R&D activities | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| 6. External R&D activities | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.51 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 7. Share of graduate employees | 0.74 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 8. Outdated product/service | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 9. Strong competition from abroad | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 10. Firm size | 3.25 | 1.51 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 11. Market share of top selling product and services | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 1.00 | |||||
| 12. Eastern Germany | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.02 | −0.01 | −0.03 | −0.02 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.03 | −0.01 | −0.10 | −0.01 | 1.00 | ||||
| 13. Research intensive industries | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 14. Other industries | 0.46 | 0.50 | −0.12 | −0.06 | −0.04 | −0.07 | −0.10 | −0.07 | −0.10 | −0.13 | 0.06 | 0.04 | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.38 | 1.00 | ||
| 15. Knowledge intensive services | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | −0.00 | −0.03 | 0.14 | 0.12 | −0.22 | −0.19 | −0.07 | 0.03 | −0.23 | −0.50 | 1.00 | |
| 16. Other services | 0.16 | 0.37 | −0.12 | −0.07 | −0.06 | −0.05 | −0.19 | −0.10 | −0.15 | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.05 | 0.02 | −0.19 | −0.40 | −0.24 | 1.00 |
| Variables | Mean | SD. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Product innovations | 0.34 | 0.47 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||
| 2. Process innovations | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||
| 3. Marketing innovations | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||
| 4. Organizational innovations | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
| 5. Internal R&D activities | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| 6. External R&D activities | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.51 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 7. Share of graduate employees | 0.74 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 8. Outdated product/service | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 9. Strong competition from abroad | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 10. Firm size | 3.25 | 1.51 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 11. Market share of top selling product and services | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 1.00 | |||||
| 12. Eastern Germany | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.02 | −0.01 | −0.03 | −0.02 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.03 | −0.01 | −0.10 | −0.01 | 1.00 | ||||
| 13. Research intensive industries | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 14. Other industries | 0.46 | 0.50 | −0.12 | −0.06 | −0.04 | −0.07 | −0.10 | −0.07 | −0.10 | −0.13 | 0.06 | 0.04 | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.38 | 1.00 | ||
| 15. Knowledge intensive services | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | −0.00 | −0.03 | 0.14 | 0.12 | −0.22 | −0.19 | −0.07 | 0.03 | −0.23 | −0.50 | 1.00 | |
| 16. Other services | 0.16 | 0.37 | −0.12 | −0.07 | −0.06 | −0.05 | −0.19 | −0.10 | −0.15 | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.05 | 0.02 | −0.19 | −0.40 | −0.24 | 1.00 |