Table 3 Descriptive statistics N Mean SD...

Table 3

Descriptive statistics

		N	Mean	SD	0.25	Median	0.75
Dependent variables	PEG	10,641	0.095	0.058	0.058	0.085	0.117
Dependent variables	MPEG	10,641	0.109	0.077	0.061	0.091	0.135
Independent variables	GP	10,641	0.212	0.600	0.000	0.000	0.000
Independent variables	GPR	10,641	0.160	0.502	0.000	0.000	0.000
Control variables Moderating variables	SIZE	10,641	22.086	1.308	21.126	21.894	22.811
	TOBIN_Q	10,641	2.074	1.363	1.278	1.667	2.362
	DEBT	10,641	0.427	0.208	0.261	0.421	0.589
	ROA	10,641	0.04	0.218	0.013	0.036	0.067
	AGE	10,641	19.31	5.79	15.86	20.97	25.73
	REST	10,641	0.219	0.414	0.000	0.000	0.000
	DAC	10,641	0.019	0.178	−0.03	0.019	0.070
	CSRR	10,641	26.643	15.781	17.75	22.78	28.63
	SOE	10,641	0.391	0.488	0.000	0.000	1.00
	TOP10	10,641	0.36	0.15	0.24	0.344	0.463
	IOWN	10,641	0.381	0.243	0.165	0.385	0.573
	BSIZE	10,641	7.86	1.706	7.00	9.00	9.50
	BIND	10,641	0.373	0.053	0.333	0.333	0.429
	DUAL	10,641	0.262	0.440	0.000	0.000	1.000
	FC	10,641	−3.696	0.258	−3.867	−3.709	−3.536
	EPU	10,641	260.482	134.251	134.874	197.767	396.953
	IC	10,641	656.676	135.277	633.28	679.61	712.76

		N	Mean	SD	0.25	Median	0.75
Dependent variables	PEG	10,641	0.095	0.058	0.058	0.085	0.117
Dependent variables	MPEG	10,641	0.109	0.077	0.061	0.091	0.135
Independent variables	GP	10,641	0.212	0.600	0.000	0.000	0.000
Independent variables	GPR	10,641	0.160	0.502	0.000	0.000	0.000
Control variablesModerating variables	SIZE	10,641	22.086	1.308	21.126	21.894	22.811
	TOBIN_Q	10,641	2.074	1.363	1.278	1.667	2.362
	DEBT	10,641	0.427	0.208	0.261	0.421	0.589
	ROA	10,641	0.04	0.218	0.013	0.036	0.067
	AGE	10,641	19.31	5.79	15.86	20.97	25.73
	REST	10,641	0.219	0.414	0.000	0.000	0.000
	DAC	10,641	0.019	0.178	−0.03	0.019	0.070
	CSRR	10,641	26.643	15.781	17.75	22.78	28.63
	SOE	10,641	0.391	0.488	0.000	0.000	1.00
	TOP10	10,641	0.36	0.15	0.24	0.344	0.463
	IOWN	10,641	0.381	0.243	0.165	0.385	0.573
	BSIZE	10,641	7.86	1.706	7.00	9.00	9.50
	BIND	10,641	0.373	0.053	0.333	0.333	0.429
	DUAL	10,641	0.262	0.440	0.000	0.000	1.000
	FC	10,641	−3.696	0.258	−3.867	−3.709	−3.536
	EPU	10,641	260.482	134.251	134.874	197.767	396.953
	IC	10,641	656.676	135.277	633.28	679.61	712.76

Note(s): This table reports the descriptive statistics of all variables used. All variables are defined in Table 2. This table is prepared by the authors

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