Table I

Descriptive statistics

Family firms
Number of observations313
 1st Gen
102
2nd Gen
144
3rd Gen
67
Family board ownership (%)51.73
 1st Gen
59.06
2nd Gen
50.62
3rd Gen
43.14
Control variables
Return on assets (%)6.72 
Growth opportunity (Sales0/Sales−1) (%)14.61
Leverage (total debt/total assets)42.50
Firm’s size (total assets) (thousand euros)27,309.48
Firm’s age (years)40

Sources: Data of ownership structure and board of directors were obtained from the survey. Financial information was obtained from SABI

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