Table 1 Assessment of convergent...

Table 1

Assessment of convergent validity and internal consistency reliability

Constructs	Items	Loading	VIF	Cronbach's α	Composite reliability	AVE
R&D enablers	EN1	0.822	1.508	0.827	0.878	0.643
	EN2	0.758	2.042
	EN3	0.851	2.160
	EN5	0.774	2.035
R&D barriers	BR5	0.811	2.370	0.848	0.888	0.668
	BR2	0.831	2.111
	BR3	0.852	1.928
	BR6	0.702	1.671
Industrial property	IP1	0.759	1.853	0.750	0.827	0.546
	IP2	0.751	1.538
	IP4	0.720	1.622
	IP6	0.803	1.206
Exploration	EXPLR1	0.913	3.300	0.915	0.940	0.796
	EXPLR3	0.874	3.233
	EXPLR4	0.898	3.296
	EXPLR6	0.884	3.022
Exploitation	EXPLOT1	0.795	1.730	0.834	0.889	0.667
	EXPLOT2	0.813	1.804
	EXPLOT3	0.802	1.695
	EXPLOT5	0.884	2.033
Innovation outcome	IO1	0.793	2.929	0.906	0.928	0.681
	IO3	0.824	3.279
	IO5	0.812	2.207
	IO6	0.869	2.972
	IO7	0.831	2.824
	IO9	0.823	2.379

Constructs	Items	Loading	VIF	Cronbach's α	Composite reliability	AVE
R&D enablers	EN1	0.822	1.508	0.827	0.878	0.643
	EN2	0.758	2.042
	EN3	0.851	2.160
	EN5	0.774	2.035
R&D barriers	BR5	0.811	2.370	0.848	0.888	0.668
	BR2	0.831	2.111
	BR3	0.852	1.928
	BR6	0.702	1.671
Industrial property	IP1	0.759	1.853	0.750	0.827	0.546
	IP2	0.751	1.538
	IP4	0.720	1.622
	IP6	0.803	1.206
Exploration	EXPLR1	0.913	3.300	0.915	0.940	0.796
	EXPLR3	0.874	3.233
	EXPLR4	0.898	3.296
	EXPLR6	0.884	3.022
Exploitation	EXPLOT1	0.795	1.730	0.834	0.889	0.667
	EXPLOT2	0.813	1.804
	EXPLOT3	0.802	1.695
	EXPLOT5	0.884	2.033
Innovation outcome	IO1	0.793	2.929	0.906	0.928	0.681
	IO3	0.824	3.279
	IO5	0.812	2.207
	IO6	0.869	2.972
	IO7	0.831	2.824
	IO9	0.823	2.379

Note(s): EN: R&D enablers; BR: R&D barriers; IP: industrial property; EXPLR: exploration; EXPLT: exploitation; innovative outcome: IO; AVE: average variance extracted; R&D: research and development

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