Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Discriminant validity

	R&D barriers	R&D enablers	Exploitation	Exploration	Industrial property	Innovative outcome
R&D barriers	0.817
R&D enablers	−0.236	0.802
Exploitation	−0.174	0.223	0.817
Exploration	−0.265	0.233	0.778	0.892
Industrial property	−0.164	0.255	−0.077	−0.169	0.739
Innovative outcome	−0.172	0.173	0.801	0.808	−0.083	0.826
AVE	0.668	0.643	0.667	0.796	0.546	0.681
Square root AVE	0.817	0.802	0.817	0.892	0.739	0.826

	R&D barriers	R&D enablers	Exploitation	Exploration	Industrial property	Innovative outcome
R&D barriers	0.817
R&D enablers	−0.236	0.802
Exploitation	−0.174	0.223	0.817
Exploration	−0.265	0.233	0.778	0.892
Industrial property	−0.164	0.255	−0.077	−0.169	0.739
Innovative outcome	−0.172	0.173	0.801	0.808	−0.083	0.826
AVE	0.668	0.643	0.667	0.796	0.546	0.681
Square root AVE	0.817	0.802	0.817	0.892	0.739	0.826