Table 2

Overview over included studies

AuthorMethodSettingMain focus
Nejati et al. (2016) Literature reviewAcross all healthcare settingsInterventions related to staff restorative breaks and healthcare outcomes
Stimpfel and Aiken (2013) Secondary analysisAcute care hospitalsHospital staff nurses shift length, scheduling characteristics and reported safety and quality
Andre et al. (2014) ReviewNursing homesIdentify factors that characterize the relationships between work culture and quality of care
Kupperschmidt (2018) Literature reviewNurses in all settingsImpact of 12-h shift on nurse's health and wellbeing
Smith-Miller et al. (2016) Mixed methodHospital wardsIdentify barriers and facilitators in implementing a fatigue management plan. Explore the effects of fatigue management intervention on nursing staff
Dall'ora et al. (2015) Cross-sectional surveyHospital wardsThe association between long shifts and burnout, job dissatisfaction and intention to leave current job
Dall'ora et al. (2016) Scoping reviewAll sectors including healthcareIdentify the characteristics that have effect on performance and wellbeing
Dall'ora et al. (2019) Retrospective observational studyHospital wardsAssociation between nurses working shifts of at least 12 h and an objective measure of missed care
Dall'ora et al. (2020a, b) Theoretical reviewAcross all healthcare settingsAssociation between burnout and work-related factors
Olds and Clarke (2010) SurveyNurses in all settingsRelationship between nurses extended work duration with adverse events and errors
Martin (2015) Mixed methodAcute care hospitalsHow working 8-h shift compared to 12-h shift affect fatigue
Alshammari et al. (2021) Descriptive studyHospital wardsInvestigate the perceptions of nurses regarding system risk factors
Blasche et al. (2017) SurveyNursing homesExamining recovery from 12-h shift
Lu et al. (2019) Literature reviewAcute care hospitalsIdentify knowledge of the job satisfaction of nurses working in acute care hospitals
Ball et al. (2017) Cross-sectional surveyHospital wardsAssociation between shift length and nurse self-reported measures
Taylor et al. (2012) Cross-sectional longitudinal studyHospital wardsThe association of safety climate and specific nurse working conditions with injury outcomes for nurses and patients
Clendon and Gibbons (2015) Systematic reviewAcute care hospitalsEffect of working 12 h or more on a shift
Westley et al. (2020) Retrospective studyAcross all healthcare settingsImpact of nurse's work hours on near-miss medication error
Hurst and Smith (2011) Mixed methodsHospital wardsCompare temporary and permanent staff work activity, cost and quality of care
Han et al. (2014) SurveyHospital wardsAssociation between work and non-work fatigue-producing factors and self-reported fatigue and intershift recovery when working 12-h shifts
Han et al. (2015) Cross-sectional secondary data analysisNurses in all settingsRelationships of nine work environment factors with nurse's job satisfaction and intent to leave their job
Barker and Nussbaum (2011) Cross sectional surveyAcross all healthcare settingsInvestigate the relationship between perceived fatigue and perceived performance across demographic and work environment variables
Thomson et al. (2017) Qualitative (interviews)Across all healthcare settingsExplore unregistered healthcare staff's perceptions of 12-h shifts on work performance and patient care
Estryn-Béhar and Van der Heijden (2012) SurveyAcross all healthcare settingsDetermine the effect of work schedule on work/family balance, health, and safety
Farid et al. (2020) System dynamics modellingAcute care hospitalDemonstrate how system dynamics modelling can be used as a tool to understand the effect of nursing workload on burnout, absenteeism, and medical errors
Di Muzio et al. (2019) Systematic reviewHospital/inpatient settingCorrelation between the clinical risk management and the occurrence of medication errors and effects of shift work
Jarrar et al. (2019) Cross sectional surveyHospital wardsInvestigate the effect of shift length and patient- centred care on perceived quality and safety of nurses
Ejebu et al. (2021) Scoping reviewNurses in all settingsNurses' experiences around shift patterns in the international literature
Griffiths et al. (2014) Cross-sectional surveyHospital wardsShift patterns and nurse-reported care quality, safety and care left undone
Harris et al. (2015) Scoping reviewAcross all healthcare settingsExtent, range and nature of evidence around the impact of 12-h shift patterns
Hayashi et al. (2020) Cross-sectional surveyHospital wardsRelationship between patient safety culture and working environment
Hinno et al. (2012) Cross-sectional surveyHospital wardsRelationship between registered nurses' evaluations of their working environment and nurse-reported outcome
Bae and Fabry (2014) Literature reviewAcross all healthcare settingsEvaluate the effect of nurse overtime and long work hours on nurse and patient outcomes
Bae (2021) Systematic reviewAcross all healthcare settingsNurse work schedule and patient outcomes
Bernstrøm et al. (2019) Literature reviewAcross all healthcare settingsInvestigate if employee health explains the relationships between working time arrangements and patient safety
Yinghui et al. (2013) Cross-national surveyHospital wardsThe impact of long working hours on patient safety culture in countries with different cultural background
Keys (2020) Delphi studyAcute careNurse leaders' perspectives regarding strategies to mitigate the job demands of 12-h shift work
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