Effect of STB on smallholders' base and top-dressing fertilization
| Outcomes | Wheat production in 2017 | Maize production in 2017 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary least square (OLS) | Coarse exact match with OLS adjustment | Ordinary least square (OLS) | Coarse exact match with OLS adjustment | |||
| Mode 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Panel 1: The amount of nitrogen applied in the base fertilization (kg per hectare) | ||||||
| Treatment variable | ||||||
| 1. Is a STB village, 1 = yes | −0.29*** (0.08) | −0.29*** (0.09) | −0.25** (0.10) | −0.22** (0.10) | −0.21* (0.11) | −0.36*** (0.11) |
| 2. Individual and family characteristics controlled | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 3. Village characteristics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Mean (kg per hectare) | 115.79 | 114.57 | 110.70 | 113.03 | ||
| Standard deviations | [32.48] | [27.59] | [32.29] | [38.30] | ||
| # of clusters | 135 | 65 | 135 | 65 | ||
| # of households | 1,054 | 523 | 1,053 | 517 | ||
| Panel 2: The amount of nitrogen applied in the top-dressing fertilization (kg per hectare) | ||||||
| Treatment variable | ||||||
| 4. Is a STB village, 1 = yes | −0.28*** (0.10) | −0.25** (0.10) | −0.22* (0.12) | 0.05 (0.12) | 0.06 (0.12) | 0.07 (0.13) |
| 5. Individual and family characteristics controlled | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 6. Village characteristics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Mean (kg per hectare) | 190.28 | 188.66 | 89.49 | 90.53 | ||
| Standard deviations | [119.19] | [119.89] | [127.63] | [124.97] | ||
| # of clusters | 135 | 65 | 135 | 65 | ||
| # of households | 1,054 | 523 | 1,053 | 517 | ||
| Wheat production in 2017 | Maize production in 2017 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary least square (OLS) | Coarse exact match with OLS adjustment | Ordinary least square (OLS) | Coarse exact match with OLS adjustment | |||
| Mode 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Treatment variable | ||||||
| 1. Is a STB village, 1 = yes | −0.29*** (0.08) | −0.29*** (0.09) | −0.25** (0.10) | −0.22** (0.10) | −0.21* (0.11) | −0.36*** (0.11) |
| Mean (kg per hectare) | 115.79 | 114.57 | 110.70 | 113.03 | ||
| Standard deviations | [32.48] | [27.59] | [32.29] | [38.30] | ||
| # of clusters | 135 | 65 | 135 | 65 | ||
| # of households | 1,054 | 523 | 1,053 | 517 | ||
| Treatment variable | ||||||
| 4. Is a STB village, 1 = yes | −0.28*** (0.10) | −0.25** (0.10) | −0.22* (0.12) | 0.05 (0.12) | 0.06 (0.12) | 0.07 (0.13) |
| Mean (kg per hectare) | 190.28 | 188.66 | 89.49 | 90.53 | ||
| Standard deviations | [119.19] | [119.89] | [127.63] | [124.97] | ||
| # of clusters | 135 | 65 | 135 | 65 | ||
| # of households | 1,054 | 523 | 1,053 | 517 | ||
Note(s): Robust clustered-standard errors in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
Source(s): Authors' survey in 2018
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