Table 7 Endogenous switching regression...

Table 7

Endogenous switching regression results for STB villages and non-STB villages on smallholders' wheat yield

		Wheat yield, normalized
	Selection	STB villages [ $T_{j}^{S T B} = 1$ ]	Non-STB villages [ $T_{j}^{S T B} = 0$ ]
	(1)	(2)	(3)
1. Constant	−0.93 (1.36)	−1.65* (0.94)	−1.82*** (0.48)
2. HH's age, in years	−0.00 (0.01)	−0.00 (0.01)	0.01*** (0.00)
3. HH's gender, 1 = male	−0.15 (0.19)	−0.16 (0.46)	0.14 (0.11)
4. HH's education, in years	0.05*** (0.02)	0.00 (0.02)	0.01 (0.01)
5. HH is a village cadre, 1 = yes	−0.14 (0.19)	−0.56 (0.38)	0.14 (0.09)
6. HH is a CCP party member, 1 = yes	−0.12 (0.10)	0.45* (0.26)	0.08 (0.09)
7. HH is farming, 1 = yes	−0.02 (0.14)	0.25 (0.20)	0.07 (0.07)
8. HH's risk prefecture	0.01 (0.01)	0.00 (0.03)	0.00 (0.01)
9. HH's internal locus of control	0.11** (0.05)	0.05 (0.09)	0.09** (0.04)
10. HH's external locus of control	−0.15*** (0.04)	−0.05 (0.06)	−0.03 (0.03)
11. Family size, in persons	0.01 (0.02)	0.03 (0.03)	−0.02 (0.02)
12. Household durable goods	−0.06 (0.06)	0.10 (0.11)	0.13*** (0.04)
13. Household's total farmland, in hectares	−0.35 (0.23)	−0.04 (0.20)	0.02 (0.02)
14. Household's farmland pieces	0.14*** (0.04)	0.06** (0.03)	0.03** (0.01)
15. # of HH with off-farm employment	−0.04 (0.05)	−0.07 (0.07)	−0.01 (0.03)
16. Household has received a subsidy, 1 = yes	0.06 (0.14)	0.20 (0.17)	0.11 (0.08)
17. Village population in 2017	0.00 (0.00)	0.00*** (0.00)	−0.00 (0.00)
18. % of agricultural labor in 2017	−1.36 (1.03)	−0.93** (0.46)	0.26 (0.28)
19. Per capita farmland in village, in hectares	6.34 (4.44)	10.90*** (1.83)	1.79 (1.25)
20. % of migration at village level	−0.00 (0.01)	−0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)
21. Distance to the township (km)	0.01 (0.07)	0.02 (0.03)	−0.00 (0.02)
22. Distance to the county seat (km)	0.00 (0.02)	−0.01 (0.01)	−0.01 (0.01)
23. Village is a socialist model village, 1 = yes	−6.85*** (0.36)
24. % of CCP party member in village	−2.49 (1.78)
25. Sigma 1 (⁠ $σ_{μ 1}$ ⁠)		0.88 (0.09)
26. R1		0.29 (0.19)
27. rho_1 (⁠ $σ_{μ 1 ε}$ ⁠)		0.28 (0.17)
28. Sigma 2 (⁠ $σ_{μ 2}$ ⁠)			0.98 (0.03)
29. R2			−0.02 (0.03)
30. rho_2 (⁠ $σ_{μ 2 ε}$ ⁠)			0.17 (0.28)
31. Log likelihood	−3241.61
32. Wald test of independent equations $χ^{2} (1)$	54.74*** p-value = 0.00

		Wheat yield, normalized
	Selection	STB villages [ $T_{j}^{S T B} = 1$ ]	Non-STB villages [ $T_{j}^{S T B} = 0$ ]
	(1)	(2)	(3)
1. Constant	−0.93 (1.36)	−1.65* (0.94)	−1.82*** (0.48)
2. HH's age, in years	−0.00 (0.01)	−0.00 (0.01)	0.01*** (0.00)
3. HH's gender, 1 = male	−0.15 (0.19)	−0.16 (0.46)	0.14 (0.11)
4. HH's education, in years	0.05*** (0.02)	0.00 (0.02)	0.01 (0.01)
5. HH is a village cadre, 1 = yes	−0.14 (0.19)	−0.56 (0.38)	0.14 (0.09)
6. HH is a CCP party member, 1 = yes	−0.12 (0.10)	0.45* (0.26)	0.08 (0.09)
7. HH is farming, 1 = yes	−0.02 (0.14)	0.25 (0.20)	0.07 (0.07)
8. HH's risk prefecture	0.01 (0.01)	0.00 (0.03)	0.00 (0.01)
9. HH's internal locus of control	0.11** (0.05)	0.05 (0.09)	0.09** (0.04)
10. HH's external locus of control	−0.15*** (0.04)	−0.05 (0.06)	−0.03 (0.03)
11. Family size, in persons	0.01 (0.02)	0.03 (0.03)	−0.02 (0.02)
12. Household durable goods	−0.06 (0.06)	0.10 (0.11)	0.13*** (0.04)
13. Household's total farmland, in hectares	−0.35 (0.23)	−0.04 (0.20)	0.02 (0.02)
14. Household's farmland pieces	0.14*** (0.04)	0.06** (0.03)	0.03** (0.01)
15. # of HH with off-farm employment	−0.04 (0.05)	−0.07 (0.07)	−0.01 (0.03)
16. Household has received a subsidy, 1 = yes	0.06 (0.14)	0.20 (0.17)	0.11 (0.08)
17. Village population in 2017	0.00 (0.00)	0.00*** (0.00)	−0.00 (0.00)
18. % of agricultural labor in 2017	−1.36 (1.03)	−0.93** (0.46)	0.26 (0.28)
19. Per capita farmland in village, in hectares	6.34 (4.44)	10.90*** (1.83)	1.79 (1.25)
20. % of migration at village level	−0.00 (0.01)	−0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)
21. Distance to the township (km)	0.01 (0.07)	0.02 (0.03)	−0.00 (0.02)
22. Distance to the county seat (km)	0.00 (0.02)	−0.01 (0.01)	−0.01 (0.01)
23. Village is a socialist model village, 1 = yes	−6.85*** (0.36)
24. % of CCP party member in village	−2.49 (1.78)
25. Sigma 1 ( $σ_{μ 1}$ )		0.88 (0.09)
26. R1		0.29 (0.19)
27. rho_1 ( $σ_{μ 1 ε}$ )		0.28 (0.17)
28. Sigma 2 ( $σ_{μ 2}$ )			0.98 (0.03)
29. R2			−0.02 (0.03)
30. rho_2 ( $σ_{μ 2 ε}$ )			0.17 (0.28)
31. Log likelihood	−3241.61
32. Wald test of independent equations $χ^{2} (1)$	54.74*** p-value = 0.00

Note(s): Robust clustered-standard errors in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Source(s): Authors' survey in 2018

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