Table 8 Endogenous switching regression...

Table 8

Endogenous switching regression results for STB villages and non-STB villages on smallholders' maize yield

		Maize yield, normalized
	Selection	STB villages [ $T_{j}^{S T B} = 1$ ]	Non-STB villages [ $T_{j}^{S T B} = 0$ ]
	(1)	(2)	(3)
1. Constant	−1.03 (1.34)	−1.79* (0.91)	−0.72* (0.39)
2. HH's age, in years	−0.00 (0.01)	0.01** (0.01)	−0.00 (0.00)
3. HH's gender, 1 = male	−0.17 (0.19)	0.10 (0.33)	0.11 (0.12)
4. HH's education, in years	0.05*** (0.02)	0.00 (0.02)	−0.00 (0.01)
5. HH is a village cadre, 1 = yes	−0.13 (0.19)	−0.41 (0.27)	0.08 (0.11)
6. HH is a CCP party member, 1 = yes	−0.15 (0.10)	0.59** (0.29)	0.09 (0.08)
7. HH is farming, 1 = yes	−0.02 (0.14)	0.41 (0.28)	0.06 (0.07)
8. HH's risk prefecture	0.01 (0.01)	0.01 (0.02)	0.01* (0.01)
9. HH's internal locus of control	0.13** (0.05)	−0.07 (0.09)	0.09** (0.04)
10. HH's external locus of control	−0.15*** (0.04)	−0.06 (0.07)	−0.01 (0.03)
11. Family size, in persons	0.00 (0.02)	−0.03 (0.02)	−0.00 (0.01)
12. Household durable goods	−0.06 (0.06)	0.19** (0.08)	0.12*** (0.04)
13. Household's total farmland, in hectares	−0.37 (0.23)	−0.27* (0.15)	0.02 (0.04)
14. Household's farmland pieces	0.14*** (0.04)	0.08*** (0.03)	−0.02 (0.02)
15. # of HH with off-farm employment	−0.02 (0.05)	0.09* (0.04)	−0.00 (0.03)
16. Household has received a subsidy, 1 = yes	0.03 (0.13)	−0.24 (0.17)	0.06 (0.08)
17. Village population in 2017	0.00 (0.00)	0.00** (0.00)	−0.00 (0.00)
18. % of agricultural labor in 2017	−1.34 (1.02)	0.03 (0.62)	0.21 (0.19)
19. Per capita farmland in village, in hectares	6.72 (4.32)	2.33 (2.45)	−0.63 (1.06)
20. % of migration at village level	−0.00 (0.01)	−0.00 (0.01)	0.00** (0.00)
21. Distance to the township (km)	0.01 (0.06)	0.05* (0.03)	−0.02 (0.02)
22. Distance to the county seat (km)	−0.00 (0.02)	−0.00 (0.02)	−0.00 (0.01)
23. Village is a socialist model village, 1 = yes	−6.59*** (0.40)
24. % of CCP party member in village	−2.54 (1.76)
25. Sigma 1 (⁠ $σ_{μ 1}$ ⁠)		0.84 (0.08)
26. R1		0.18 (0.24)
27. rho_1 (⁠ $σ_{μ 1 ε}$ ⁠)		0.18 (0.24)
28. Sigma 2 (⁠ $σ_{μ 2}$ ⁠)			1.00 (0.02)
29. R2			−0.32* (0.17)
30. rho_2 (⁠ $σ_{μ 2 ε}$ ⁠)			−0.31 (0.16)
31. Log likelihood	−3250.27
32. Wald test of independent equations $χ^{2} (1)$	60.67*** p-value = 0.00

		Maize yield, normalized
	Selection	STB villages [ $T_{j}^{S T B} = 1$ ]	Non-STB villages [ $T_{j}^{S T B} = 0$ ]
	(1)	(2)	(3)
1. Constant	−1.03 (1.34)	−1.79* (0.91)	−0.72* (0.39)
2. HH's age, in years	−0.00 (0.01)	0.01** (0.01)	−0.00 (0.00)
3. HH's gender, 1 = male	−0.17 (0.19)	0.10 (0.33)	0.11 (0.12)
4. HH's education, in years	0.05*** (0.02)	0.00 (0.02)	−0.00 (0.01)
5. HH is a village cadre, 1 = yes	−0.13 (0.19)	−0.41 (0.27)	0.08 (0.11)
6. HH is a CCP party member, 1 = yes	−0.15 (0.10)	0.59** (0.29)	0.09 (0.08)
7. HH is farming, 1 = yes	−0.02 (0.14)	0.41 (0.28)	0.06 (0.07)
8. HH's risk prefecture	0.01 (0.01)	0.01 (0.02)	0.01* (0.01)
9. HH's internal locus of control	0.13** (0.05)	−0.07 (0.09)	0.09** (0.04)
10. HH's external locus of control	−0.15*** (0.04)	−0.06 (0.07)	−0.01 (0.03)
11. Family size, in persons	0.00 (0.02)	−0.03 (0.02)	−0.00 (0.01)
12. Household durable goods	−0.06 (0.06)	0.19** (0.08)	0.12*** (0.04)
13. Household's total farmland, in hectares	−0.37 (0.23)	−0.27* (0.15)	0.02 (0.04)
14. Household's farmland pieces	0.14*** (0.04)	0.08*** (0.03)	−0.02 (0.02)
15. # of HH with off-farm employment	−0.02 (0.05)	0.09* (0.04)	−0.00 (0.03)
16. Household has received a subsidy, 1 = yes	0.03 (0.13)	−0.24 (0.17)	0.06 (0.08)
17. Village population in 2017	0.00 (0.00)	0.00** (0.00)	−0.00 (0.00)
18. % of agricultural labor in 2017	−1.34 (1.02)	0.03 (0.62)	0.21 (0.19)
19. Per capita farmland in village, in hectares	6.72 (4.32)	2.33 (2.45)	−0.63 (1.06)
20. % of migration at village level	−0.00 (0.01)	−0.00 (0.01)	0.00** (0.00)
21. Distance to the township (km)	0.01 (0.06)	0.05* (0.03)	−0.02 (0.02)
22. Distance to the county seat (km)	−0.00 (0.02)	−0.00 (0.02)	−0.00 (0.01)
23. Village is a socialist model village, 1 = yes	−6.59*** (0.40)
24. % of CCP party member in village	−2.54 (1.76)
25. Sigma 1 ( $σ_{μ 1}$ )		0.84 (0.08)
26. R1		0.18 (0.24)
27. rho_1 ( $σ_{μ 1 ε}$ )		0.18 (0.24)
28. Sigma 2 ( $σ_{μ 2}$ )			1.00 (0.02)
29. R2			−0.32* (0.17)
30. rho_2 ( $σ_{μ 2 ε}$ )			−0.31 (0.16)
31. Log likelihood	−3250.27
32. Wald test of independent equations $χ^{2} (1)$	60.67*** p-value = 0.00

Note(s): Robust clustered-standard errors in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Source(s): Authors' survey in 2018

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