Table 1 Results of a literature search... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Results of a literature search on the content of TQM

Research	Management/Leadership	Data and reporting	Customer	Personnel	Processes	Product/ service	Materials and suppliers	Continuous improvement	Other things
Saraph et al. (1989)	Role of top management, quality policy and quality department	Quality data and reporting		Training. Employee relations	Process management	Product/service design	Supplier quality management
Flynn et al. (1994)	Top management support	Quality information	Customer involvement	Workforce management	Process management	Product design	Supplier involvement
Badri et al. (1995)	Role of top management, quality policy and quality department	Quality data and reporting		Training	Process management	Product /service design	Supplier quality management
Powel (1995)	Top management commitment. Open and lean organization	Objectives and interest in data	Fulfilling customer requirements regardless of inputs	Training	Flexible manufacturing. Improving processes. Waste reduction. Efficiency		Ensure the supplier is able to produce the required products		TQM communication. Benchmarking. Zero mistake idea
Black and Porter (1995, 1996)	Corporate quality culture. Strategic quality management. External interface management		Customer management. Customer satisfaction orientation	People management. Employee empowerment	Operational quality planning. Teamwork structures for process improvement		Supplier partnership	Quality improvement measurement systems. Communication of improvement information
Ahire et al. (1996)	Top management commitment. Design quality management	Internal quality information usage	Customer focus	Employee involvement, training and empowerment	Statistical process control usage	Product quality	Supplier quality management. Supplier performance
Grandzol and Gershon (1998)	Leadership		Customer focus. Customer satisfaction	Employee fulfillment. Learning. Employee satisfaction	Process management	Product/service quality		Continuous improvement	Internal /external cooperation. Public responsibility
Quazi et al. (1998)	Top management responsibility. Quality goals and policy. Role of the quality department	Quality data and reporting	Integrating customer requirements	Training. Role of the employee	Process management. Inspection policy. Quality related performance	Product/service design	Partnership with supplier. Supplier selection and relationship. Supplier capability
Rao et al. (1999)	Top management commitment	Quality information availability	Customer orientation	Employee training and involvement	Process design. Internal quality results	Product design	Supplier quality		External quality results. Quality citizenship
Yusof and Aspinwall (2000)	Management, leadership. Measurement and feedback			Education and training. Human resource development	System and process improvement tools and techniques		Supplier quality assurance	Continuous improvement process
Parast et al. (2006)	Quality leadership. Strategic planning process of quality management	Quality information and analysis	Customer focus and satisfaction	Support of human resource development	Quality results. Quality assurance of products and services		Supplier quality
Sila (2007)	Leadership	Information and analysis	Customer focus	Human resource management	Process management. Organizational effectiveness		Supplier management		Financial and market results
Sadikoglu and Olcay (2014)	Leadership. Strategic quality planning		Customer focus	Employee involvement. Training	Process management		Supplier quality management	Continuous improvement	Knowledge management

Research	Management/Leadership	Data and reporting	Customer	Personnel	Processes	Product/ service	Materials and suppliers	Continuous improvement	Other things
Saraph et al. (1989)	Role of top management, quality policy and quality department	Quality data and reporting		Training. Employee relations	Process management	Product/service design	Supplier quality management
Flynn et al. (1994)	Top management support	Quality information	Customer involvement	Workforce management	Process management	Product design	Supplier involvement
Badri et al. (1995)	Role of top management, quality policy and quality department	Quality data and reporting		Training	Process management	Product /service design	Supplier quality management
Powel (1995)	Top management commitment. Open and lean organization	Objectives and interest in data	Fulfilling customer requirements regardless of inputs	Training	Flexible manufacturing. Improving processes. Waste reduction. Efficiency		Ensure the supplier is able to produce the required products		TQM communication. Benchmarking. Zero mistake idea
Black and Porter (1995, 1996)	Corporate quality culture. Strategic quality management. External interface management		Customer management. Customer satisfaction orientation	People management. Employee empowerment	Operational quality planning. Teamwork structures for process improvement		Supplier partnership	Quality improvement measurement systems. Communication of improvement information
Ahire et al. (1996)	Top management commitment. Design quality management	Internal quality information usage	Customer focus	Employee involvement, training and empowerment	Statistical process control usage	Product quality	Supplier quality management. Supplier performance
Grandzol and Gershon (1998)	Leadership		Customer focus. Customer satisfaction	Employee fulfillment. Learning. Employee satisfaction	Process management	Product/service quality		Continuous improvement	Internal /external cooperation. Public responsibility
Quazi et al. (1998)	Top management responsibility. Quality goals and policy. Role of the quality department	Quality data and reporting	Integrating customer requirements	Training. Role of the employee	Process management. Inspection policy. Quality related performance	Product/service design	Partnership with supplier. Supplier selection and relationship. Supplier capability
Rao et al. (1999)	Top management commitment	Quality information availability	Customer orientation	Employee training and involvement	Process design. Internal quality results	Product design	Supplier quality		External quality results. Quality citizenship
Yusof and Aspinwall (2000)	Management, leadership. Measurement and feedback			Education and training. Human resource development	System and process improvement tools and techniques		Supplier quality assurance	Continuous improvement process
Parast et al. (2006)	Quality leadership. Strategic planning process of quality management	Quality information and analysis	Customer focus and satisfaction	Support of human resource development	Quality results. Quality assurance of products and services		Supplier quality
Sila (2007)	Leadership	Information and analysis	Customer focus	Human resource management	Process management. Organizational effectiveness		Supplier management		Financial and market results
Sadikoglu and Olcay (2014)	Leadership. Strategic quality planning		Customer focus	Employee involvement. Training	Process management		Supplier quality management	Continuous improvement	Knowledge management