Design elements, frames and parameters of the study
| Design elements | Design frames | Design parameters |
|---|---|---|
| Activity system content | ||
| Narrow specialization | “We thought about [adoption for other industries], but we want to concentrate on our specialization” (SYN) | |
| “Typically, our customers are radiologists in public and private hospitals and diagnostic centers” (CER) | ||
| “That is our target [to stay in healthcare]” (LYT) | ||
| Consulting services | “Start looking at data in the context of areas of pain …. Next, have a look at your workflows and talk to the organization that works in this particular area. Discussions involve C-suite executives as well as the board of directors. AI is not a plant wall” (LYT) | |
| “We are a hybrid of a product and consultancy company” (LYT) | ||
| Platforms | “Our platform benefits from several emerging technologies such as AI, robotics, and chemical informatics” (SYN) | |
| “Fast integration of a platform solution [is tailored to] the needs of a specific client” (EST) | ||
| “[Our platform has] an open API for integration of other industry players into our system as drug stores, laboratories, etc.…” (B8) | ||
| Adaptation to the needs of medicine or other areas | “We want to concentrate on drug development …. Other possible applications could be in therapy” (SYN) | |
| “We could provide companies with analytical insights on the health of employees and recommend preventive solutions for well-being plans” (ETS) | ||
| “We are planning to concentrate 100% on healthcare even if there is green grass on the other side of the fence” (ETS) | ||
| “We will adapt our application to other areas of application like stroke or bleeds” (CER) | ||
| “Originally, we planned to sell our products to physiotherapists, but we found that this sector is quite conservative … and we had to move to pharma companies” (PRE) | ||
| Conversion to their customers | “We hired additional staff, created a database of molecules, and began to compete with our former customers at the preclinical stage” (SYN) | |
| “We could answer questions related to issues with the core production operations …, [creating] value for the partner and later for the customer” (PRE) | ||
| “You need to add value to your collaborator immediately” (ELY) | ||
| Formation of knowledge | “The collected data can become the development of a business model of the company as it may be of interest to various participants … selling not a service, but knowledge” (ETS) | |
| “Companies use only 1% of data according to statistics” (MAI) | ||
| Activity system structure | ||
| Software/Platform as a Service | “We sell our services for a fixed monthly fee based on the size of the company” (EST) | |
| “[Services can consist of] monthly subscription plans or [can be] based on outcome for a patient” (LYT) | ||
| “First, we will have consultancy fees …, [then the] licensee is based on the size of a clinic or per patient …. It could be a Service-Level Agreement” (B8) | ||
| Service provider | “[We had several years providing services], and we use AI as a new tool … to find new drugs” (SYN) | |
| “You have to adapt to the market, be very creative and flexible: the company itself penetrates the market or provides services to other companies penetrating the market” (MAI) | ||
| “We sell a physical product and a service” (PRE) | ||
| Transition from B2B to B2C\B2B2C | “We can tell what you should [or should not] due to reduce chances of getting diabetes … we can change the lifestyle in small steps” (ETS) | |
| “Our business model could be adapted to a client: B2B, B2C, or others” (MAI) | ||
| “We started looking at the B2B segment and also the consumer market” (PRE) | ||
| “B2B customers think very practically” (PRE) | ||
| Integration | “One of the ways for market penetration is to become a supplier for the big four consulting group that offers solutions in healthcare” (MAI) | |
| “It is hard to be alone for a start-up. We have to find somebody who is big and show that we have value for them” (MAI) | ||
| “Strategic partnerships will be used for future development” (CER) | ||
| “If you are a personal trainer and want to offer services for our consumers, you will receive a small percentage of that” (EST) | ||
| Activity system governance | ||
| Physicians | “[We choose] the most appropriate doctor's specialization for the patient and [rank] patients according to the urgency of admission” (ETS) | |
| “Let the doctors do work that they do best, like being empathetic, and let the machines do their work” (ETS) | ||
| “Accuracy in the forecasts in our case is 95%; a doctor can evaluate with a probability of 80–95% depending on qualification” (CER) | ||
| “We do not want to exclude radiologists, but we want to prepare super radiologists …. Our software is a tool that helps in the daily routine” (CER) | ||
| Patients | “If you are only one patient and have your rare disease, nobody wants to treat you …. But we can help” (SYN) | |
| “[We predict] the risks that a patient could have a chronic disease in the next three to five years” (ETS) | ||
| “We can slow the progress of the disease and combat the spiraling readmissions so patients will feel more safe” (LYT) | ||
| Hospitals | “[There are] less patient visits to the hospital, increased recovery, and keeping people healthy instead of treating sick people” (ETS) | |
| “Day-and-night contact care improves people's coverage and satisfaction of a patient, supports quality and sequence at scale, and declines physicians' errors” (ETS) | ||
| “Sort patients into four categories: operator support or self care, unsynchronized care, remote care, regular face-to-face visits” (ETS) | ||
| Pharma and biotechnology companies | “Accelerate, secure your research and development processes, and reduce costs” (SYN) | |
| “We collaborate with pharma to postpone the start of irreversible and chronic circumstances and, therefore, help patients maintain a high quality of life” (ETS) | ||
| “If you have the right compound with the right safety and the right commercial potential, you have four times the advantage of getting your drug through phase three” (PCL) | ||
| Insurance companies | “We decrease the number of needless visits that lead to the reduction of payments and speeding up recovery through well-timed medication, resulting in less costs” (ETS) | |
| “This is a trust business. [Insurance companies] should trust that we are medically compliant, and data is secured” (ETS) | ||
| “[The] outcome approach could help insurance companies optimize structures and the work with hospitals” (LYT) | ||
| Population management | “It should be a shift in two to three years related to access of the secondary medical data …. Now, start-ups are seen as consumers of such data because of the reduced likelihood of sanctions in case of failure” (ETS) | |
| “It is very hard to adapt the system to a new country: language, its own drugs, procedures, names” (MAI) | ||
| “It could be good for us [population management solution], but it will take a huge amount of time” (LYT) | ||
| Design elements | Design frames | Design parameters |
|---|---|---|
| Narrow specialization | “We thought about [adoption for other industries], but we want to concentrate on our specialization” (SYN) | |
| “Typically, our customers are radiologists in public and private hospitals and diagnostic centers” (CER) | ||
| “That is our target [to stay in healthcare]” (LYT) | ||
| Consulting services | “Start looking at data in the context of areas of pain …. Next, have a look at your workflows and talk to the organization that works in this particular area. Discussions involve C-suite executives as well as the board of directors. AI is not a plant wall” (LYT) | |
| “We are a hybrid of a product and consultancy company” (LYT) | ||
| Platforms | “Our platform benefits from several emerging technologies such as AI, robotics, and chemical informatics” (SYN) | |
| “Fast integration of a platform solution [is tailored to] the needs of a specific client” (EST) | ||
| “[Our platform has] an open API for integration of other industry players into our system as drug stores, laboratories, etc.…” (B8) | ||
| Adaptation to the needs of medicine or other areas | “We want to concentrate on drug development …. Other possible applications could be in therapy” (SYN) | |
| “We could provide companies with analytical insights on the health of employees and recommend preventive solutions for well-being plans” (ETS) | ||
| “We are planning to concentrate 100% on healthcare even if there is green grass on the other side of the fence” (ETS) | ||
| “We will adapt our application to other areas of application like stroke or bleeds” (CER) | ||
| “Originally, we planned to sell our products to physiotherapists, but we found that this sector is quite conservative … and we had to move to pharma companies” (PRE) | ||
| Conversion to their customers | “We hired additional staff, created a database of molecules, and began to compete with our former customers at the preclinical stage” (SYN) | |
| “We could answer questions related to issues with the core production operations …, [creating] value for the partner and later for the customer” (PRE) | ||
| “You need to add value to your collaborator immediately” (ELY) | ||
| Formation of knowledge | “The collected data can become the development of a business model of the company as it may be of interest to various participants … selling not a service, but knowledge” (ETS) | |
| “Companies use only 1% of data according to statistics” (MAI) | ||
| Software/Platform as a Service | “We sell our services for a fixed monthly fee based on the size of the company” (EST) | |
| “[Services can consist of] monthly subscription plans or [can be] based on outcome for a patient” (LYT) | ||
| “First, we will have consultancy fees …, [then the] licensee is based on the size of a clinic or per patient …. It could be a Service-Level Agreement” (B8) | ||
| Service provider | “[We had several years providing services], and we use AI as a new tool … to find new drugs” (SYN) | |
| “You have to adapt to the market, be very creative and flexible: the company itself penetrates the market or provides services to other companies penetrating the market” (MAI) | ||
| “We sell a physical product and a service” (PRE) | ||
| Transition from B2B to B2C\B2B2C | “We can tell what you should [or should not] due to reduce chances of getting diabetes … we can change the lifestyle in small steps” (ETS) | |
| “Our business model could be adapted to a client: B2B, B2C, or others” (MAI) | ||
| “We started looking at the B2B segment and also the consumer market” (PRE) | ||
| “B2B customers think very practically” (PRE) | ||
| Integration | “One of the ways for market penetration is to become a supplier for the big four consulting group that offers solutions in healthcare” (MAI) | |
| “It is hard to be alone for a start-up. We have to find somebody who is big and show that we have value for them” (MAI) | ||
| “Strategic partnerships will be used for future development” (CER) | ||
| “If you are a personal trainer and want to offer services for our consumers, you will receive a small percentage of that” (EST) | ||
| Physicians | “[We choose] the most appropriate doctor's specialization for the patient and [rank] patients according to the urgency of admission” (ETS) | |
| “Let the doctors do work that they do best, like being empathetic, and let the machines do their work” (ETS) | ||
| “Accuracy in the forecasts in our case is 95%; a doctor can evaluate with a probability of 80–95% depending on qualification” (CER) | ||
| “We do not want to exclude radiologists, but we want to prepare super radiologists …. Our software is a tool that helps in the daily routine” (CER) | ||
| Patients | “If you are only one patient and have your rare disease, nobody wants to treat you …. But we can help” (SYN) | |
| “[We predict] the risks that a patient could have a chronic disease in the next three to five years” (ETS) | ||
| “We can slow the progress of the disease and combat the spiraling readmissions so patients will feel more safe” (LYT) | ||
| Hospitals | “[There are] less patient visits to the hospital, increased recovery, and keeping people healthy instead of treating sick people” (ETS) | |
| “Day-and-night contact care improves people's coverage and satisfaction of a patient, supports quality and sequence at scale, and declines physicians' errors” (ETS) | ||
| “Sort patients into four categories: operator support or self care, unsynchronized care, remote care, regular face-to-face visits” (ETS) | ||
| Pharma and biotechnology companies | “Accelerate, secure your research and development processes, and reduce costs” (SYN) | |
| “We collaborate with pharma to postpone the start of irreversible and chronic circumstances and, therefore, help patients maintain a high quality of life” (ETS) | ||
| “If you have the right compound with the right safety and the right commercial potential, you have four times the advantage of getting your drug through phase three” (PCL) | ||
| Insurance companies | “We decrease the number of needless visits that lead to the reduction of payments and speeding up recovery through well-timed medication, resulting in less costs” (ETS) | |
| “This is a trust business. [Insurance companies] should trust that we are medically compliant, and data is secured” (ETS) | ||
| “[The] outcome approach could help insurance companies optimize structures and the work with hospitals” (LYT) | ||
| Population management | “It should be a shift in two to three years related to access of the secondary medical data …. Now, start-ups are seen as consumers of such data because of the reduced likelihood of sanctions in case of failure” (ETS) | |
| “It is very hard to adapt the system to a new country: language, its own drugs, procedures, names” (MAI) | ||
| “It could be good for us [population management solution], but it will take a huge amount of time” (LYT) | ||
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