Descriptive statistics
| Variables | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ln(Output) | 13.01 | 2.82 | 5.40 | 20.93 |
| 2 | ln(Capital) | 11.83 | 3.20 | 3.50 | 24.25 |
| 3 | ln(Labour) | 3.16 | 1.37 | 0.10 | 8.29 |
| 4 | Internal R&D | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 5 | Foreign technology adoption | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 6 | Foreign ownership | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 7 | HCD | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 8 | Age | 22.02 | 17.62 | 1.00 | 96.00 |
| 9 | Size | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 10 | Export status | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 11 | Imports | 32.88 | 38.82 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| 12 | External financing | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 13 | Access to credit | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 14 | Educational attainment | 65.42 | 32.67 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| 15 | Managerial experience | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 16 | Formal status | 0.75 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 17 | Capacity utilisation | 0.88 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 18 | ICT infrastructure | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 19 | Informal competition | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 20 | High-technology industry | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 21 | Medium-technology industry | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 22 | Low-technology industry | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 23 | Ghana | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 24 | DRC | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 25 | Tanzania | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 26 | Uganda | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 27 | Zambia | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 28 | Kenya | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Variables | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ln(Output) | 13.01 | 2.82 | 5.40 | 20.93 |
| 2 | ln(Capital) | 11.83 | 3.20 | 3.50 | 24.25 |
| 3 | ln(Labour) | 3.16 | 1.37 | 0.10 | 8.29 |
| 4 | Internal R&D | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 5 | Foreign technology adoption | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 6 | Foreign ownership | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 7 | HCD | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 8 | Age | 22.02 | 17.62 | 1.00 | 96.00 |
| 9 | Size | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 10 | Export status | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 11 | Imports | 32.88 | 38.82 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| 12 | External financing | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 13 | Access to credit | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 14 | Educational attainment | 65.42 | 32.67 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| 15 | Managerial experience | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 16 | Formal status | 0.75 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 17 | Capacity utilisation | 0.88 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 18 | ICT infrastructure | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 19 | Informal competition | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 20 | High-technology industry | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 21 | Medium-technology industry | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 22 | Low-technology industry | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 23 | Ghana | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 24 | DRC | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 25 | Tanzania | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 26 | Uganda | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 27 | Zambia | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 28 | Kenya | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Note: n=418
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.