Table 2

First stage results

(1)(2)(3)(4)
IV (per 10,000)0.004*** [0.001]0.004*** [0.001]0.004*** [0.001]0.004*** [0.001]
Individual controlsNoYesYesYes
Economic sector FENoNoYesYes
Income level FENoNoNoYes
Department FEYesYesYesYes
Year FEYesYesYesYes
Observations1,776,0631,776,0631,776,0631,776,063
F-stat790.215274.865162.881149.320
R-squared0.0210.0240.0270.027

Note(s): *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.01. Robust standard errors correct by sampling design. All models include constant. Individual controls include sex, age, age squared, no diploma (yes = 1), High-school (yes = 1), Technical technological (yes = 1), bachelor's degree (yes = 1), Postgraduate (yes = 1), Weekly worked hours. We only considered people in working age who are actively working

Source(s): Authors' calculations using the GEIH-DANE (2014–2018)

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