Unstandardized and standardized regression estimates and 95% confidence intervals of a structural model of work engagement, conditions in self-employment and intrinsic job resources
| Skill discretion | Rewards | Autonomy | Work engagement | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Direct effects (c') | ||||||||
| Economically dependent self-employed | −0.119*** (−0.137, −0.102) | −0.265*** (−0.301, −0.229) | −0.042*** (−0.059, −0.025) | −0.085*** (−0.120, −0.051) | −0.067*** (−0.084, −0.051) | −0.125*** (−0.156, −0.095) | −0.002 (−0.013, 0.008) | −0.007 (−0.036, −0.023) |
| Necessity self-employed | −0.079*** (−0.096, −0.062) | −0.167*** (−0.205, −0.129) | −0.156*** (−0.175, −0.139) | −0.304*** (−0.341, −0.266) | −0.015+ (−0.032, 0.002) | −0.027+ (−0.057, 0.003) | −0.021*** (−0.033, −0.009) | −0.059*** (−0.093, −0.026) |
| Skill discretion | 0.204*** (0.165, 0.246) | 0.266*** (0.212, 0.321) | ||||||
| Rewards | 0.391*** (0.354, 0.430) | 0.559*** (0.487, 0.632) | ||||||
| Autonomy | 0.003 (−0.018, 0.025) | 0.005 (−0.028, 0.039) | ||||||
| Indirect effects (ab) | ||||||||
| Total indirect effect economically dependent | −0.041*** (−0.050, −0.032) | −0.119*** (−0.147, −0.091) | ||||||
| Skill discretion | −0.024*** (−0.030, −0.019) | −0.071*** (−0.087, −0.054) | ||||||
| Rewards | −0.016*** (−0.023, −0.010) | −0.048*** (−0.068, −0.028) | ||||||
| Autonomy | 0.001 (−0.002, 0.001) | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.004) | ||||||
| Total indirect effect necessity | −0.077*** (−0.088, −0.067) | −0.214*** (−0.250, −0.179) | ||||||
| Skill discretion | −0.016*** (−0.021, −0.012) | −0.045*** (−0.059, −0.030) | ||||||
| Rewards | −0.061*** (−0.071, −0.052) | −0.170*** (−0.200, −0.139) | ||||||
| Autonomy | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.001) | ||||||
| Total effects (c) | ||||||||
| Economically dependent self-employed | −0.043*** (−0.054, −0.033) | −0.126*** (−0.158, −0.093) | ||||||
| Necessity self-employed | −0.099*** (−0.110, −0.087) | −0.274*** (−0.315, −0.232) | ||||||
| Skill discretion | Rewards | Autonomy | Work engagement | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economically dependent self-employed | −0.119*** (−0.137, −0.102) | −0.265*** (−0.301, −0.229) | −0.042*** (−0.059, −0.025) | −0.085*** (−0.120, −0.051) | −0.067*** (−0.084, −0.051) | −0.125*** (−0.156, −0.095) | −0.002 (−0.013, 0.008) | −0.007 (−0.036, −0.023) |
| Necessity self-employed | −0.079*** (−0.096, −0.062) | −0.167*** (−0.205, −0.129) | −0.156*** (−0.175, −0.139) | −0.304*** (−0.341, −0.266) | −0.015+ (−0.032, 0.002) | −0.027+ (−0.057, 0.003) | −0.021*** (−0.033, −0.009) | −0.059*** (−0.093, −0.026) |
| Skill discretion | 0.204*** (0.165, 0.246) | 0.266*** (0.212, 0.321) | ||||||
| Rewards | 0.391*** (0.354, 0.430) | 0.559*** (0.487, 0.632) | ||||||
| Autonomy | 0.003 (−0.018, 0.025) | 0.005 (−0.028, 0.039) | ||||||
| −0.041*** (−0.050, −0.032) | −0.119*** (−0.147, −0.091) | |||||||
| Skill discretion | −0.024*** (−0.030, −0.019) | −0.071*** (−0.087, −0.054) | ||||||
| Rewards | −0.016*** (−0.023, −0.010) | −0.048*** (−0.068, −0.028) | ||||||
| Autonomy | 0.001 (−0.002, 0.001) | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.004) | ||||||
| −0.077*** (−0.088, −0.067) | −0.214*** (−0.250, −0.179) | |||||||
| Skill discretion | −0.016*** (−0.021, −0.012) | −0.045*** (−0.059, −0.030) | ||||||
| Rewards | −0.061*** (−0.071, −0.052) | −0.170*** (−0.200, −0.139) | ||||||
| Autonomy | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.001) | ||||||
| Economically dependent self-employed | −0.043*** (−0.054, −0.033) | −0.126*** (−0.158, −0.093) | ||||||
| Necessity self-employed | −0.099*** (−0.110, −0.087) | −0.274*** (−0.315, −0.232) | ||||||
Note(s): 6th EWCS (2015); p-values: +p < 0.10* p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; N observations: 5,463; Fit statistics: /(d.f.) = 1,120.46 (105), CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.04./Unst. = Unstandardized estimates; St. = Standardized estimates; (CI) = Confidence Interval/The model also allowed for correlations between all mediating factors (e.g. rewards, skill discretion, and autonomy) as well as between economic dependency and necessity. There are also correlations between socio-demographic variables (gender, age, and education) and the variables in the model) (results not shown)
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