Table I

Variable descriptions

VariableTypeDescription
Dependent variables
Need financeDichotomousFirm in need for external finance
ConstraintsDichotomousFirms experienced finance constraints
Behavior: innovation intensity
inno inclnContinuousFirms number of introduced incremental innovation, natural logarithm: ln (1 + x)
inno radlnContinuousFirms number of introduced radical innovation, natural logarithm: ln (1 + x)
Structure
sizelnContinuousFirms employees, natural logarithm: ln (x)
agelnContinuousFirms age in years, natural logarithm: ln(x)
Conditions for innovation
imp techDichotomousPerception: high importance of access to technology
imp IPRDichotomousPerception: high importance of IPR
imp marketDichotomousPerception: high importance of market knowledge
Controls
regionmetDichotomousFirm located in a metropolitan region
industryCategoricalFirm industry, (0) others, (1) manufacturing, (2) service, communication and finance
legal formCategoricalFirm legal form, (0) others, (1) public traded, (2) limited liability
subsidiaryDichotomousFirm is a subsidiary

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