KPI classification
| Process | KPI | References | Strategy OW |
|---|---|---|---|
| NPD | Development of prototype cycle time | Yeh et al. (2010), Sherman et al. (2005), Dombrowski et al. (2013), DCOR (design), | N/A |
| NPD | Total cost of prototypes realized | DCOR (design) | L |
| NPD | Total cost of samples produced | DCOR (design) | L |
| NPD | # Of new models planned | DCOR (design) | N/A |
| NPD | # Of new products introduced | Cai et al. (2009), Chan (2003), Shepherd and Günter (2011), DCOR (integrate) | A |
| NPD | # Of changes per product design | DCOR (design, integrate, Amend) | A |
| NPD | Total cost of new product development | Pinna et al. (2017), Piotrowicz and Cuthbertson (2015), Yeh et al. (2010) | L |
| NPD | Average time associated with new product changes | Sherman et al. (2005), Pinna et al. (2017) | N/A |
| P | Volatility of forecasts | Chae (2009) | L-A |
| P | Forecasting technique accuracy | Bhagwat and Sharma (2007), Lapide (2000), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Chae (2009), Papakiriakopoulos and Pramatari (2010), Gunasekaran et al. (2004), SCOR (RL 3.37) | L-A |
| P | Cost of supply chain management | Cai et al. (2009), Chan (2003), Lapide (2000), Shepherd and Günter (2011) | L |
| S | Supplier lead time | Bhagwat and Sharma (2007), Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Shepherd and Günter (2011) | N/A |
| S | Supplier service level (product compliance, quantity) | Shepherd and Günter (2011), Bhagwat and Sharma (2007), Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Chan (2003), Sellitto et al. (2015) | A |
| S, D | Total cost of raw materials/semi-finished products/finished warehouse products | Beamon (1999), Bhagwat and Sharma (2007), Cai et al. (2009), Chan (2003), Otto and Kotzab (2003), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Stewart (1995), Thilakarathna et al. (2015) | L |
| S, D | Warehouse obsolescence costs | Beamon (1999), Chae (2009), Shepherd and Günter (2011) | L |
| S, D | Inventory level of raw materials/semi-finished products/finished products | Sellitto et al. (2015) | L |
| S | % Of wrong deliveries (quantity, non-conforming products) | Bhagwat and Sharma (2007), Chan (2003), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Thilakarathna et al. (2015) | A |
| S | Return cost | SCOR (CO.2.007) | L |
| S | Identifying sources of supply cycle time | SCOR (RS.3.35) | N/A |
| S | Select supplier and negotiate cycle time | SCOR (RS.3.125) | N/A |
| S | Verify product cycle time | SCOR (RS.3.140) | N/A |
| S | Material landed cost
| SCOR (CO.2.003) | L |
| S | Defective inventory percentage | SCOR (AM.3.28) | A |
| S | Delivery item accuracy | SCOR (RL.3.33) | A |
| S | Delivery quantity accuracy | SCOR (RL 3.35) | A |
| S | % orders received on time to demand requirement | SCOR (RL 3.20) | A |
| M | Total production costs
| Beamon (1999), Cai et al. (2009), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Thilakarathna et al. (2015), SCOR (CO.2.004) | L |
| M | Production lead time | Beamon (1999), Chan (2003), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Thilakarathna et al. (2015) | N/A |
| M | # Stock keeping unit (SKU) | Shepherd and Günter (2011), Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Bhagwat and Sharma (2007) | N/A |
| M | Productivity | Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Kumar Hurreeram et al. (2014) | L |
| M | Production capacity | Bhagwat and Sharma (2007), Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Otto and Kotzab (2003), Kumar (2013), Kumar Hurreeram et al. (2014) | L |
| M | % of non-compliance on total products | Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Sellitto et al. (2015), Kumar Hurreeram et al. (2014) | A |
| M | Make cycle time | Yeh et al. (2010), Pinna et al. (2017), SCOR (RS.2.2) | N/A |
| D | Inventory turnover | Lapide (2000), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Otto and Kotzab (2003), Battista and Schiraldi (2013), Papakiriakopoulos and Pramatari (2010) | N/A |
| D | Transportation costs | Beamon (1999), Cai et al. (2009), Chan (2003), Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Kumar Hurreeram et al. (2014), Otto and Kotzab (2003), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Thilakarathna et al. (2015), SCOR (CO.3.022) | L |
| D | Customer response time (service level) | Beamon (1999), Bhagwat and Sharma (2007), Cai et al. (2009), Chan (2003), De Felice and Petrillo (2013), Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Lapide (2000), Otto and Kotzab (2003), Sellitto et al. (2015), Shepherd and Günter (2011) | A |
| D | # of on-time deliveries | Beamon (1999), Chae (2009), Chan (2003), De Felice and Petrillo (2013), Lapide (2000), Sellitto et al. (2015), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Thilakarathna et al. (2015) | A |
| D | Distribution Lead time | Shepherd and Günter (2011), Gunasekaran et al. (2004) | N/A |
| D | % of urgent deliveries | Gunasekaran et al. (2004), Bhagwat and Sharma (2007) | A |
| D | # stock out | Beamon (1999), Cai et al. (2009), Chan (2003), Otto and Kotzab (2003), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Thilakarathna et al. (2015) | L |
| D | # back order | Beamon (1999), Shepherd and Günter (2011), Thilakarathna et al. (2015) | L |
| D | # lost sales | Mattila et al. (2002) | L |
| D | Sell-thought (%) | Beamon (1999), Cai et al. (2009), Mattila et al. (2002), Moore and Fairhurst (2003), Shepherd and Günter (2011) | L |
| D | New product sales rate | Cai et al. (2009) | A |
| D | % of orders delivered in full (quantity) | Beamon (1999), SCOR (RL 2.1) | A |
| D | % defect free conformance orders delivered | SCOR (RL 3.42) | A |
| R | % of products replaced (non-compliant) | Mattila et al. (2002), Sellitto et al. (2015), Kumar Hurreeram et al. (2014) | A |
| Process | KPI | References | Strategy OW |
|---|---|---|---|
| NPD | Development of prototype cycle time | N/A | |
| NPD | Total cost of prototypes realized | DCOR (design) | L |
| NPD | Total cost of samples produced | DCOR (design) | L |
| NPD | # Of new models planned | DCOR (design) | N/A |
| NPD | # Of new products introduced | A | |
| NPD | # Of changes per product design | DCOR (design, integrate, Amend) | A |
| NPD | Total cost of new product development | L | |
| NPD | Average time associated with new product changes | N/A | |
| P | Volatility of forecasts | L-A | |
| P | Forecasting technique accuracy | L-A | |
| P | Cost of supply chain management | L | |
| S | Supplier lead time | N/A | |
| S | Supplier service level (product compliance, quantity) | A | |
| S, D | Total cost of raw materials/semi-finished products/finished warehouse products | L | |
| S, D | Warehouse obsolescence costs | L | |
| S, D | Inventory level of raw materials/semi-finished products/finished products | L | |
| S | % Of wrong deliveries (quantity, non-conforming products) | A | |
| S | Return cost | SCOR (CO.2.007) | L |
| S | Identifying sources of supply cycle time | SCOR (RS.3.35) | N/A |
| S | Select supplier and negotiate cycle time | SCOR (RS.3.125) | N/A |
| S | Verify product cycle time | SCOR (RS.3.140) | N/A |
| S | Material landed cost Cost of purchased materials Material transport cost Customs material cost, duties, taxes and tariffs | SCOR (CO.2.003) | L |
| S | Defective inventory percentage | SCOR (AM.3.28) | A |
| S | Delivery item accuracy | SCOR (RL.3.33) | A |
| S | Delivery quantity accuracy | SCOR (RL 3.35) | A |
| S | % orders received on time to demand requirement | SCOR (RL 3.20) | A |
| M | Total production costs Production labor costs (direct) Cost of automation Cost of productive assets Production management costs | L | |
| M | Production lead time | N/A | |
| M | # Stock keeping unit (SKU) | N/A | |
| M | Productivity | L | |
| M | Production capacity | L | |
| M | % of non-compliance on total products | A | |
| M | Make cycle time | N/A | |
| D | Inventory turnover | N/A | |
| D | Transportation costs | L | |
| D | Customer response time (service level) | A | |
| D | # of on-time deliveries | A | |
| D | Distribution | N/A | |
| D | % of urgent deliveries | A | |
| D | # stock out | L | |
| D | # back order | L | |
| D | # lost sales | L | |
| D | Sell-thought (%) | L | |
| D | New product sales rate | A | |
| D | % of orders delivered in full (quantity) | A | |
| D | % defect free conformance orders delivered | SCOR (RL 3.42) | A |
| R | % of products replaced (non-compliant) | A |
Note(s): NPD: new product development; P: plan; S: source; M: make; D: delivery; R: return; L: lean; A: agile; N/A: not applicable
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