Table 1 Unit root test: ADF and PP tests...

Table 1

Unit root test: ADF and PP tests

Test type	Aggregate unemployment insurance spending	Labor force participation rate	Labor force participation rate: Male	Labor force participation rate: Female
ADF test: with intercept and trend	−3.95*	0.67	−2.22	0.88
PP test: with intercept and trend	−2.90	0.53	−2.78	0.79

Test type	Aggregate unemployment insurance spending	Labor force participation rate	Labor force participation rate: Male	Labor force participation rate: Female
ADF test: with intercept and trend	−3.95*	0.67	−2.22	0.88
PP test: with intercept and trend	−2.90	0.53	−2.78	0.79

Note(s): (1) Augmented Dickey-Fuller test critical values: −3.97 for 1% (**), −3.41 for 5% (*) and −3.13 for 10%, (2) Phillips-Perron test critical values: −3.97 for 1% (**), −3.41 for 5% (*) and −3.13 for 10%

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