Opportunities from academic HPC centres

Promotion of HPC from academic HPC centres

Low awareness of benefits from the side of the Industry

Public authorities as responsible for a systematic system for the transmission of information

U-I collaboration is perceived as weak

Poor knowledge transfer, low applicability to Industry

Public authorities ensure free HPC training

Need to address the development and teaching of HPC competencies systematically

Countries with strong industrial organisations do not require assistance from the public authorities

Specific cases of high HPC level knowledge exist, especially among younger researchers

Academic HPC centres support cross-sectoral cooperation and knowledge transfer

Support the development of new study programmes tailored more according to the HPC needs of the industrial sphere

Positive attitudes towards creativity, entrepreneurship and new technologies

Industry is focussed on ICT advancements and innovation

Cooperation between academic HPC centres and Industry is seen as positive

Senior researchers in some intermediary countries, particularly lagging countries, are not seen as competent to use and teach HPC.

The reform of academic programmes is required

The Industry obtained the ability and skill to use HPC in advanced countries

Industry in advanced countries owns HPC research centres. Such ownership is an obstacle to collaboration in the academic HPC sphere

Results in the exclusivity of knowledge

Industry fears data disclosure and worries about data protection in the external HPC infrastructure

Industry in competitively intermediate and competitively lagging countries frequently is not HPC ready – neither in awareness, type of products, nor skills

In intermediate and competitively lagging countries, the industries rely upon policy support when developing and using the HPC technology

The competitively lagging countries face shadow economy and tax evasion; the level of socio-economic development is the main obstacle to HPC utilisation in Industry

HPC readiness of the SMEs is low for reasons like; low awareness of the usefulness of HPC, lack of adequately trained human resources, high cost of licensed software, and rental of HPC infrastructure

HPC is predominantly available through EU funding. EU-funded HPC is not open to the private sector

EU projects support international networks

In competitively intermediate and lagging countries, the academic HPC centres focus on theoretical research

Slow transfer of HPC knowledge to Industry

EU projects demand extensive administrative work. Due to the complexity of project documentation, SMEs do not desire to consider EU project funding

Industrial R&D needs in competitively intermediate, and lagging countries are addressed abroad

Weak U-I collaboration in general in competitively intermediate and lagging countries

Competitively advanced and some competitively intermediary countries demonstrate collaboration between academic HPC centres to ensure competitive advantage

The usage of HPC varies across the Danube region

Presence of clustering in automotive and electronics sectors

Existing policies support collaboration

Need for working legal environment

Public authorities are seen as hinderers of collaboration

National innovation policy needs a vision. The lack of clear long-term goals is a weakness. The non-critical best practices imported from other cultural settings are de-motivating in competitively intermediate countries

Policies supporting innovation agents who engage in clusters and networks exist in advanced countries

Slow implementation of policies, too bureaucratic approach

Unstable national and EU funding results in low investment/funding in science

Without national support, academia in competitively lagging countries creates transnational networks due to self-initiative

In competitively intermediate and lagging countries, provision of funding for SMEs

Request the training for HPC to be free and open

Policy needs to ensure financial support for HPC (and related IPR) and promote innovation

Too much focus on solving unemployment problems per se

Too slow recognition of R&D profitability in competitively intermediate and lagging countries

Public organisations are considered an obstacle to the diffusion of technology

Lack of interest in HPC in the competitively intermediate and lagging Danube region countries

Solely declarative support to HPC application

Lack of support for U-I collaboration

Lack of support towards forming networks, especially between University and Industry, as public-private partnerships are considered fraud in some competitively intermediate countries

In competitively advanced countries, the critical decision maker in national networks is in academia, while in competitively intermediate countries, the crucial actor in the networks is Industry

Policy that enables stable financing of HPC infrastructure is considered sufficient

Lack of legislation, including IPR protection and enforcement (especially in lagging countries)

Weak or absent Internet infrastructure in some countries

Lack of long-term vision regarding innovation and short-term and long-term goals

Slow and bureaucratic policy implementation

Lack of recognition of HPC's effectiveness in the diffusion of technology

In competitively advanced countries, the talents are attracted by the high quality of life and high quality of academically exciting research groups, professors with HPC competencies, and established U-I collaboration through study programs and HPC usage during the study

Competitively intermediate countries can also attract talented people but have difficulties retaining them

The competitively lagging Danube region countries cannot attract or retain talented individuals from other countries, as they cannot stem their brain drain

Competitively intermediate countries are incapable of retaining talented people due to labour market issues (legislation, taxation, and incompatibility of wages with the complexity of work)

Competitively lagging countries note underdeveloped Industry, inadequate political system and labour market together with underfinanced and low-quality academic sphere

EU migration policy and globalisation support brain drain from competitively lagging countries