Proxies for the suggested factors, the sources from where information on them was obtained and how they are calculated
| Group | Variable(s) | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Political–economic | Log. Years Since Independence | Log. (Time − years of independence) | CIA Factbook (CIA, n.d.) |
| Communist Heritage | A dummy variable for whether a country was ruled by a Communist regime | Kailitz (2013) and Sabry (2009) with some modifications | |
| Urban Population in the 1960s | Average of urban population (% of total population) between 1960 and 1965 | World Development Indicators (WDI) (World Bank, n.d.a) | |
| Industry Value Added in the 1960s | Average of industry (including construction) value added (% of GDP) between 1960 and 1965 | Google Developers (Google Developers, n.d.) | |
| Geographical | Country Size | Log. (Population, total) | WDI |
| Latitude | Absolute of distance from the equator | Google Developers (Google Developers, n.d.) | |
| Fuel Richness | 5-year average of the following calculation: [Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports) * Merchandise exports (current US$)] * [GDP (current US$)/GDP (constant 2015 US$)] * [1/Population, total] | WDI | |
| Metal Richness | 5-year average of the following calculation: [Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports) * Merchandise exports (current US$)] * [GDP (current US$)/GDP (constant 2015 US$)]* [1/Population, total] | WDI | |
| Legal | Legal Variables | British, French and German Legal Systems dummy variables | La Porta et al. (2008) |
| Cultural | Religious Adherence | Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim, Buddhist and Confucian | Sabry (2013) depending on data from the UN “Ethnocultural characteristics” (United Nations, n.d.), CIA Factbook, and the “Association of Religion Data Archives” (ARDA) (The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), n.d.) |
| Ethnic Fractionalization | The Quality of Government Dataset (University of Gothenburg, n.d.) and Alesina, Devleeschauwer, Easterly, Kurlat, and Wacziarg (2003) |
| Group | Variable(s) | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Political–economic | Log. Years Since Independence | Log. (Time − years of independence) | CIA Factbook ( |
| Communist Heritage | A dummy variable for whether a country was ruled by a Communist regime | ||
| Urban Population in the 1960s | Average of urban population (% of total population) between 1960 and 1965 | World Development Indicators (WDI) ( | |
| Industry Value Added in the 1960s | Average of industry (including construction) value added (% of GDP) between 1960 and 1965 | Google Developers ( | |
| Geographical | Country Size | Log. (Population, total) | WDI |
| Latitude | Absolute of distance from the equator | Google Developers ( | |
| Fuel Richness | 5-year average of the following calculation: [Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports) * Merchandise exports (current US$)] * [GDP (current US$)/GDP (constant 2015 US$)] * [1/Population, total] | WDI | |
| Metal Richness | 5-year average of the following calculation: [Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports) * Merchandise exports (current US$)] * [GDP (current US$)/GDP (constant 2015 US$)]* [1/Population, total] | WDI | |
| Legal | Legal Variables | British, French and German Legal Systems dummy variables | |
| Cultural | Religious Adherence | Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim, Buddhist and Confucian | |
| Ethnic Fractionalization | The Quality of Government Dataset ( |
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