Summary statistics of household characteristics
| Variables | Full sample (N = 919) | Forest extractors (N = 683) | Forest non-extractors (N = 236) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | Mean | ||
| Age | 46.4 | 13.6 | 45.57 | 47.19 | 0.071 |
| Gender 1 = male | 87.8 | 87.6 | 88.0 | 0.854 | |
| Marital status 1 = married | 88.5 | 88.1 | 88.9 | 0.700 | |
| Household size | 6.2 | 2.2 | 6.24 | 6.10 | 0.347 |
| Education level: Primary | 66.7 | 70.1 | 63.4 | 0.030 | |
| Secondary | 30.5 | 29.0 | 31.9 | 0.336 | |
| Tertiary | 2.8 | 0.9 | 4.7 | 0.000 | |
| Migration status 1 = Native | 79.5 | 78.3 | 80.8 | 0.348 | |
| Own land size | 2.7 | 1.9 | 2.79 | 2.55 | 0.048 |
| Livestock number | 9.8 | 10.1 | 10.64 | 8.89 | 0.009 |
| Asset value (KES) | 24,315.2 | 48,495.6 | 20,544.33 | 27,964.86 | 0.020 |
| Wealth categories: Wealthiest | 33.4 | 32.4 | 34.7 | 0.458 | |
| Middle wealth | 33.3 | 35.5 | 31.7 | 0.225 | |
| Poorest | 33.3 | 32.2 | 33.6 | 0.637 | |
| Total income (KES) | 106,660.3 | 165,328.6 | 97,386.2 | 11,5636.49 | 0.094 |
| Household expenditure (KES) | 141,664.5 | 91,368.9 | 137,937.32 | 14,5271.86 | 0.224 |
| Off-farm income | 53,887.8 | 129,842.0 | 42,470.55 | 64,938.30 | 0.009 |
| Shocks value | 31,286.7 | 50,768.7 | 31,575.62 | 31,007.09 | 0.865 |
| Distance to the market (Km) | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.22 | 3.05 | 0.361 |
| Extension | 51.6 | 54.2 | 49.0 | 0.117 | |
| FUG membership 1 = yes | 50.6 | 61.5 | 40 | 0.000 | |
| Participation in PFM 1 = yes | 52.0 | 63.1 | 41.1 | 0.000 | |
| Road distance | 14.1 | 8.4 | 13.74 | 14.46 | 0.198 |
| Distance to forest (Km) | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.53 | 2.63 | 0.526 |
| No. of extracted forest products | 1.01 | 0.03 | 1.01 | – | – |
| Value of forest products extracted | 13180.4 | 3445.6 | 13180.4 | – | – |
| Perception change in forest cover 1 = increased | 31.6 | 38.1 | 25.3 | 0.000 | |
| Forest access | 79.3 | 96.9 | 62.2 | 0.000 | |
| Variables | Full sample ( | Forest extractors ( | Forest non-extractors ( | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | Mean | ||
| Age | 46.4 | 13.6 | 45.57 | 47.19 | 0.071 |
| Gender 1 = male | 87.8 | 87.6 | 88.0 | 0.854 | |
| Marital status 1 = married | 88.5 | 88.1 | 88.9 | 0.700 | |
| Household size | 6.2 | 2.2 | 6.24 | 6.10 | 0.347 |
| Education level: Primary | 66.7 | 70.1 | 63.4 | 0.030 | |
| Secondary | 30.5 | 29.0 | 31.9 | 0.336 | |
| Tertiary | 2.8 | 0.9 | 4.7 | 0.000 | |
| Migration status 1 = Native | 79.5 | 78.3 | 80.8 | 0.348 | |
| Own land size | 2.7 | 1.9 | 2.79 | 2.55 | 0.048 |
| Livestock number | 9.8 | 10.1 | 10.64 | 8.89 | 0.009 |
| Asset value (KES) | 24,315.2 | 48,495.6 | 20,544.33 | 27,964.86 | 0.020 |
| Wealth categories: Wealthiest | 33.4 | 32.4 | 34.7 | 0.458 | |
| Middle wealth | 33.3 | 35.5 | 31.7 | 0.225 | |
| Poorest | 33.3 | 32.2 | 33.6 | 0.637 | |
| Total income (KES) | 106,660.3 | 165,328.6 | 97,386.2 | 11,5636.49 | 0.094 |
| Household expenditure (KES) | 141,664.5 | 91,368.9 | 137,937.32 | 14,5271.86 | 0.224 |
| Off-farm income | 53,887.8 | 129,842.0 | 42,470.55 | 64,938.30 | 0.009 |
| Shocks value | 31,286.7 | 50,768.7 | 31,575.62 | 31,007.09 | 0.865 |
| Distance to the market (Km) | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.22 | 3.05 | 0.361 |
| Extension | 51.6 | 54.2 | 49.0 | 0.117 | |
| FUG membership 1 = yes | 50.6 | 61.5 | 40 | 0.000 | |
| Participation in PFM 1 = yes | 52.0 | 63.1 | 41.1 | 0.000 | |
| Road distance | 14.1 | 8.4 | 13.74 | 14.46 | 0.198 |
| Distance to forest (Km) | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.53 | 2.63 | 0.526 |
| No. of extracted forest products | 1.01 | 0.03 | 1.01 | – | – |
| Value of forest products extracted | 13180.4 | 3445.6 | 13180.4 | – | – |
| Perception change in forest cover 1 = increased | 31.6 | 38.1 | 25.3 | 0.000 | |
| Forest access | 79.3 | 96.9 | 62.2 | 0.000 | |
Note(s): p-value based on independent t test; 0.01 significance at 1%, 0.05 significance at 5% 0.1 significance at 10%
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