Parameter estimates for ordered probit model for WTCL and WTPC
| Variable | WTCL | WTPC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | Std. error | p > z | Coefficient | Std. error | p > z | |
| Forest dependence indicators and values | ||||||
| No. of extracted forest products | 0.716* | 0.385 | 0.063 | −34.467 | 30.116 | 0.252 |
| Value of forest products extracted (KES) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.368 | 0.007* | 0.004 | 0.057 |
| Participation in PFM | 0.449 | 0.839 | 0.593 | 62.805 | 46.249 | 0.174 |
| Forest extraction | 0.183 | 0.865 | 0.832 | 65.898 | 48.279 | 0.172 |
| Household demographics | ||||||
| Age | 0.018 | 0.031 | 0.556 | −0.438 | 1.819 | 0.810 |
| Migration status | 1.364 | 1.015 | 0.179 | 136.672*** | 48.818 | 0.005 |
| Gender | 1.682 | 1.348 | 0.212 | 83.212 | 61.240 | 0.174 |
| Primary education | 1.399 | 0.880 | 0.112 | 31.367 | 44.869 | 0.485 |
| Tertiary education | 1.018 | 3.037 | 0.737 | 181.623** | 88.347 | 0.040 |
| Institutional | ||||||
| Extension | 2.859*** | 0.835 | 0.001 | −21.469 | 43.697 | 0.623 |
| Perception on forest cover change | −0.940 | 0.871 | 0.281 | −77.822* | 44.729 | 0.082 |
| Distance to nearest market | – | – | – | 32.959*** | 10.291 | 0.001 |
| Socio-economic attributes | ||||||
| Log of asset value | −0.790** | 0.313 | 0.012 | 6.086 | 15.131 | 0.687 |
| Log shocks | 0.231** | 0.105 | 0.028 | −1.128 | 5.046 | 0.823 |
| Poorest category | −1.453 | 1.015 | 0.152 | 91.428* | 49.434 | 0.064 |
| Wealthiest category | −0.986 | 1.099 | 0.370 | 11.477 | 55.909 | 0.837 |
| Livestock number | 0.072 | 0.047 | 0.123 | 1.361 | 2.156 | 0.528 |
| Log expenditure | – | – | – | 58.744 | 35.722 | 0.100 |
| Log total income | – | – | – | 6.932 | 11.077 | 0.531 |
| Constant | 10.966** | 3.926 | 0.005 | −808.307* | 447.043 | 0.071 |
| Variable | WTCL | WTPC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | Std. error | Coefficient | Std. error | |||
| No. of extracted forest products | 0.716* | 0.385 | 0.063 | −34.467 | 30.116 | 0.252 |
| Value of forest products extracted (KES) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.368 | 0.007* | 0.004 | 0.057 |
| Participation in PFM | 0.449 | 0.839 | 0.593 | 62.805 | 46.249 | 0.174 |
| Forest extraction | 0.183 | 0.865 | 0.832 | 65.898 | 48.279 | 0.172 |
| Age | 0.018 | 0.031 | 0.556 | −0.438 | 1.819 | 0.810 |
| Migration status | 1.364 | 1.015 | 0.179 | 136.672*** | 48.818 | 0.005 |
| Gender | 1.682 | 1.348 | 0.212 | 83.212 | 61.240 | 0.174 |
| Primary education | 1.399 | 0.880 | 0.112 | 31.367 | 44.869 | 0.485 |
| Tertiary education | 1.018 | 3.037 | 0.737 | 181.623** | 88.347 | 0.040 |
| Extension | 2.859*** | 0.835 | 0.001 | −21.469 | 43.697 | 0.623 |
| Perception on forest cover change | −0.940 | 0.871 | 0.281 | −77.822* | 44.729 | 0.082 |
| Distance to nearest market | – | – | – | 32.959*** | 10.291 | 0.001 |
| Log of asset value | −0.790** | 0.313 | 0.012 | 6.086 | 15.131 | 0.687 |
| Log shocks | 0.231** | 0.105 | 0.028 | −1.128 | 5.046 | 0.823 |
| Poorest category | −1.453 | 1.015 | 0.152 | 91.428* | 49.434 | 0.064 |
| Wealthiest category | −0.986 | 1.099 | 0.370 | 11.477 | 55.909 | 0.837 |
| Livestock number | 0.072 | 0.047 | 0.123 | 1.361 | 2.156 | 0.528 |
| Log expenditure | – | – | – | 58.744 | 35.722 | 0.100 |
| Log total income | – | – | – | 6.932 | 11.077 | 0.531 |
| Constant | 10.966** | 3.926 | 0.005 | −808.307* | 447.043 | 0.071 |
Note(s): Log likelihood = −694.343, Wald = 44.46 number of observations = 476; (WTCL)
Log likelihood = −273.39, Wald = 52.61 number of observations = 207; (WTPC)
*, ** and *** denote level of statistical significance at 10% level, 5% level and 1% level, respectively; Results presented are for the WTP estimation with inclusion of explanatory variables
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