Table V

Robustness testing: alternative indicator and estimation methods

IntensiveExtensiveSharemodeGreenmodetrouble
Variables(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)
Idiff0.016 (0.018)−0.090*** (0.021)0.688** (0.271)0.009 (0.063)0.343*** (0.112)
Idifff×bar−0.046 (0.035)(0.047)−1.112*** (0.417)−0.006 (0.122)−0.477** (0.219)
Cdiff0.005 (0.009)−0.039*** (0.010)(0.163)−0.279*** (0.081)0.257** (0.113)
Cdifff×bar−0.029 (0.068)−0.191 (0.118)−0.496 (0.528)−0.078 (0.200)0.056 (0.213)
bar−0.110 (0.061)−0.065 (0.075)0.249*** (0.077)0.154 (0.099)−1.187 (0.760)0.043 (1.071)0.320 (0.252)0.277 (0.379)−0.186 (0.397)0.357 (0.614)
Constant term5.925*** (0.261)6.127*** (0.350)1.189*** (0.243)1.368*** (0.352)−8.797** (2.702)−4.968 (3.827)−3.820*** (1.059)−7.341*** (1.764)−1.698 (1.275)−2.497 (1.615)
Control variableYYYYYYYYYY
Industry fixed effectYYYYYYYYYY
Time fixed effectYYYYYYYYYY
Sample size2,4401,8062,4401,8067095932,3911,7752,3911,753

Notes: **,***Significant at the 5 and 1 percent significant levels, respectively

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