Table 4

Summary of identified research streams

Cluster 1Cluster 2Cluster 3
Analysed countryDeveloping (14), developed (4), emerging (2)Developing (3), developed (17), international comparison (5)Developing (7), developed (11), international comparison (2)
Farm typeGeneral farming sector (12), animal-dairy (4), crop (4)General farming sector (19), animal (1)General farming sector (9), animal (4), crop (7)
Time spanShort term (9), medium term (6), long term (5)Short term (1), medium term (2), long term (15)Short term (7), medium term (3), long term (10)
Level of analysisInternational (4), province/county/region (9), farm (7)International (5), province/country/region (14)International (4), province/county/region (10), farm (6)
General approachFrontier (21) including: parametric (15), non-parametric (6)aNon-frontier (7), frontier (10) of which: parametric (3), non-parametric (7)Frontier (20) of which: parametric (5), non-parametric (17)
Technical developments
  1. Luenberger–Hicks-Moorsteen index

  2. Sequential technology in Malmquist index

  3. Random coefficient specification

  4. Generalised maximum entropy methods

  5. Bayesian methods

  6. Greene's SFA models, metafrontier models (including multiple output)

  7. Latent class models

  1. Lowe index

  2. Nutrient total factor productivity index

  3. Panel vector autoregression (PVAR)

  4. Sequential primal-dual estimation routine to calculate TFP change

  5. Time-series panel models (e.g. common correlated effects mean group estimator)

  1. Färe–Primont index

  2. New methods of decomposition

  3. Pollution adjustment

  4. Weather as an input

  5. Comparison of results for different methods/harming types/socio-economic features

  6. Clustering (latent class, classification tree, multiple correspondence analysis)

  7. Bootstrapping

  8. Two-step determinants assessment

ContextsR&D (7), institutional and policy reforms (9), natural environment (3)R&D (9), institutional and policy reforms (4), natural environment (6)R&D (9), institutional and policy reforms (5), natural environment (5)

Note(s): Short term is up to 10 years, medium term is 11–20 years, long term is more than 20 years; ain some papers more than one method is used; the number of papers is in parentheses; the dominant feature is in italic

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