Table 5 Robustness check Impact of...

Table 5

Robustness check

Impact of reverse logistics adoption on digitalization			Impact of reverse logistics adoption on collaboration
Alternate definitions for DigitalizationCount variable	Coef	p-value	Alternate definitions for CollaborationCount variable	Coef	p-value
AI	0.7326	0.087	collab_dom + collab_inno + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.4192	0.024
SDB	0.3563	0.049	collab_for + collab_inno + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.3926	0.013
AI_lu + SDB + IP	0.4217	0.001	collab_inno + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.3660	0.017
AI_ir + SDB + IP	0.4249	0.001	collab_dom + collab_for + collab_inno + collab_oth	0.4200	0.024
AI_ml + SDB + IP	0.4217	0.001	collab_dom + collab_for + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.3356	0.183
AI_kbs + SDB + IP	0.4252	0.001	collab_dom + collab_for + collab_rnd + collab_inno	0.4970	0.016
AI_oth + SDB + IP	0.4217	0.001	collab_dom + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.3133	0.203
AI + IP	0.4972	0.009	collab_dom + collab_for + collab_inno	0.4843	0.017
SDB + IP	0.4001	0.004	collab_for + collab_rnd + collab_inno	0.4390	0.009

Impact of reverse logistics adoption on digitalization			Impact of reverse logistics adoption on collaboration
Alternate definitions for DigitalizationCount variable	Coef	p-value	Alternate definitions for CollaborationCount variable	Coef	p-value
AI	0.7326	0.087	collab_dom + collab_inno + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.4192	0.024
SDB	0.3563	0.049	collab_for + collab_inno + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.3926	0.013
AI_lu + SDB + IP	0.4217	0.001	collab_inno + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.3660	0.017
AI_ir + SDB + IP	0.4249	0.001	collab_dom + collab_for + collab_inno + collab_oth	0.4200	0.024
AI_ml + SDB + IP	0.4217	0.001	collab_dom + collab_for + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.3356	0.183
AI_kbs + SDB + IP	0.4252	0.001	collab_dom + collab_for + collab_rnd + collab_inno	0.4970	0.016
AI_oth + SDB + IP	0.4217	0.001	collab_dom + collab_rnd + collab_oth	0.3133	0.203
AI + IP	0.4972	0.009	collab_dom + collab_for + collab_inno	0.4843	0.017
SDB + IP	0.4001	0.004	collab_for + collab_rnd + collab_inno	0.4390	0.009

Note(s): AI = Artificial Intelligence (Language understanding + Image recognition + Machine Learning + Knowledge based systems + Others)

AI_lu = AI–Language understanding AI_ir = AI- Image recognition AI_ml = AI–Machine Learning

AI_kbs = AI–Knowledge based systems AI_oth = AI – others SDBs= Software data bases

IP = information processing collab_oth = Other type of collaboration

collab_dom = Domestic collaboration collab_for = Domestic collaboration

collab_rnd = Collaboration for R&D collab_inno = Collaboration for innovation

Source(s): Table by authors