Benchmark regression results of the gravitation mechanism of the internet
| Model | FE | RE | FE | RE | FE | RE | FE | RE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | Internet scale, Oint | Internet penetration rate, Oint | Mobile Internet scale, Omint | Mobile Internet penetration rate, Omint | ||||
| lnInt | −0.3582*** (0.0463) | −0.4938*** (0.0434) | −0.3624*** (0.0462) | −0.4988*** (0.0441) | −0.6590*** (0.0626) | −0.7802*** (0.0506) | −0.7251*** (0.0693) | −0.8551*** (0.0557) |
| lnPgdp | 0.2987*** (0.0645) | 0.4076*** (0.0794) | 0.2927*** (0.0631) | 0.4008*** (0.0782) | 0.3746*** (0.0784) | 0.4700*** (0.0906) | 0.3800*** (0.0795) | 0.4758*** (0.0915) |
| lnPeo | 0.6633*** (0.1708) | 1.0022*** (0.0591) | 0.6536*** (0.1698) | 0.9972*** (0.0592) | 0.8554*** (0.1724) | 1.0677*** (0.0575) | 0.8678*** (0.1725) | 1.0766*** (0.0571) |
| lnPgov | 0.1071** (0.0427) | 0.0965* (0.0562) | 0.0995** (0.0421) | 0.0839 (0.0559) | 0.2218*** (0.0501) | 0.2172*** (0.0589) | 0.2305*** (0.0509) | 0.2266*** (0.0595) |
| lnEdu | −0.0496 (0.0318) | −0.0014 (0.0299) | −0.0496 (0.0317) | −0.0001 (0.0299) | −0.0119 (0.0340) | 0.0204 (0.0303) | −0.0078 (0.0345) | 0.0237 (0.0305) |
| _cons | −7.0084*** (1.0174) | −7.7843*** (0.6975) | −14.3345*** (1.1421) | −17.9366*** (0.5835) | −3.2968*** (0.9610) | −3.1982*** (0.7363) | −17.3446*** (1.3194) | −19.7697*** (0.6763) |
| N | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 |
| R2 | 0.139 | 0.133 | 0.138 | 0.132 | 0.196 | 0.193 | 0.199 | 0.197 |
| Hausman | 492.25 | [0.0000] | 645.05 | [0.0000] | 278.28 | [0.0000] | 277.35 | [0.0000] |
| Model | FE | RE | FE | RE | FE | RE | FE | RE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | Internet scale, Oint | Internet penetration rate, Oint | Mobile Internet scale, Omint | Mobile Internet penetration rate, Omint | ||||
| lnInt | −0.3582*** (0.0463) | −0.4938*** (0.0434) | −0.3624*** (0.0462) | −0.4988*** (0.0441) | −0.6590*** (0.0626) | −0.7802*** (0.0506) | −0.7251*** (0.0693) | −0.8551*** (0.0557) |
| ln | 0.2987*** (0.0645) | 0.4076*** (0.0794) | 0.2927*** (0.0631) | 0.4008*** (0.0782) | 0.3746*** (0.0784) | 0.4700*** (0.0906) | 0.3800*** (0.0795) | 0.4758*** (0.0915) |
| ln | 0.6633*** (0.1708) | 1.0022*** (0.0591) | 0.6536*** (0.1698) | 0.9972*** (0.0592) | 0.8554*** (0.1724) | 1.0677*** (0.0575) | 0.8678*** (0.1725) | 1.0766*** (0.0571) |
| ln | 0.1071** (0.0427) | 0.0965* (0.0562) | 0.0995** (0.0421) | 0.0839 (0.0559) | 0.2218*** (0.0501) | 0.2172*** (0.0589) | 0.2305*** (0.0509) | 0.2266*** (0.0595) |
| lnEdu | −0.0496 (0.0318) | −0.0014 (0.0299) | −0.0496 (0.0317) | −0.0001 (0.0299) | −0.0119 (0.0340) | 0.0204 (0.0303) | −0.0078 (0.0345) | 0.0237 (0.0305) |
| _cons | −7.0084*** (1.0174) | −7.7843*** (0.6975) | −14.3345*** (1.1421) | −17.9366*** (0.5835) | −3.2968*** (0.9610) | −3.1982*** (0.7363) | −17.3446*** (1.3194) | −19.7697*** (0.6763) |
| 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | 3,990 | |
| 0.139 | 0.133 | 0.138 | 0.132 | 0.196 | 0.193 | 0.199 | 0.197 | |
| Hausman | 492.25 | [0.0000] | 645.05 | [0.0000] | 278.28 | [0.0000] | 277.35 | [0.0000] |
Note(s): ***, **, * denote that the variable is significant at the significance levels of 1% (0.01), 5% (0.05) and 10% (0.1), respectively, and the value within ( ) is the standard error of heteroscedasticity robustness of the estimated coefficient. This note also applies to the table below
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