Table 5

Direct effects on endogenous variables

HypothesisDirect effectp-valuet-valueCISupportf2
IGC
H1 (+): Ex0.2910.0004.700[0.217; 0.421]Yes0.092
PGC
H2 (+): Ex0.4790.0009.837[0.413; 0.573]Yes0.298
SGC
H3a (+): IGC0.2850.0005.561[0.213; 0.380]Yes0.224
H3b (+): PGC0.6750.00014.338[0.587; 0.741]Yes1.257
DSC
H4 (+): SGC0.5820.00012.710[0.517; 0.669]Yes0.513
PrSC
H5a (+): SGC0.6120.00013.065[0.550; 0.704]Yes0.812
H5b (+): DSC0.3130.0005.553[0.200; 0.384]Yes0.213
ESC
H6a (+): SGC0.4390.0006.344[0.331; 0.559]Yes0.178
H6b (+): DSC−0.1200.0192.085[−0.212; −0.022]No0.019
H6c (+): PrSC0.4620.0005.906[0.329; 0.586]Yes0.165
Gender−0.0500.1451.458[−0.117; 0.020] 0.006
Age−0.0630.0911.688[−0.141; 0.007] 0.010

Note(s): (1) CI: Percentile confidence interval. Bootstrapping based on n = 5,000 subsamples; (2) Hypothesized effects are assessed by applying a one-tailed test for a t Student distribution (CI 90%). Effects from control variables are assessed by applying a two-tailed test (CI 95%)

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