Summary of logistics risk items identified in the literature
| Risk item | Description | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|
| International transport cost | Uncertainty about the quotation of transport cost related to the cross-border shipment of cargoes | Prater et al. (2001) and Pezderka and Sinkovics (2011) |
| International transport tine | Uncertainty about the time needed to accomplish cross-border shipment and related risks of delays | Prater et al. (2001), Ramanathan et al. (2014), Pezderka and Sinkovics (2011) and Durach and Wiengarten (2017) |
| Local (e.g. in China) transport cost | Uncertainty about the quotation of delivery cost to the single customers within the destination country | Prater et al. (2001) and Pezderka and Sinkovics (2011) |
| Local (e.g. in China) transport time | Uncertainty about the time needed to perform local delivery to customers and related risks of delays | Prater et al. (2001), Ramanathan et al. (2014), Pezderka and Sinkovics (2011) and Durach and Wiengarten (2017) |
| Demand level | Risk of poor demand forecast ability and risk of being unable to manage unexpected changes in demand volumes | Sepulveda Rojas and Frein (2008) and Acar et al. (2010) |
| Inventory carrying cost | Uncertainty about the quotation of inventory carrying cost which ultimately depend also on the level of inventory and the value of the product | Acar et al. (2010) |
| Handling time | Uncertainty about the time needed to perform handling activities | Wu (2011) |
| Labor cost | Changes in labor cost which can affect labor intensive processes, e.g. picking | Wu (2011) |
| Return cost | Uncertainty about the cost of managing returns | Jiao (2015) |
| Return time | Uncertainty about the time needed to manage the return process | Jiao (2015) |
| Return rate | Uncertainty about the percentage of products that will be returned by customers | Jiao (2015) |
| Product damage | Risk of product damage due to inadequate care during transport, handling or inventory management activities | Ramanathan et al. (2014) |
| Order cycle time | Uncertainty about the time in between customer order and order delivery | Ramanathan et al. (2014), Durach and Wiengarten (2017) and Acar et al. (2010) |
| Order tracking | Technology breakdowns or errors that might cause problems in order tracking activities | Guo and Zhang (2015) |
| Stock out | Risk of running out of available product inventory | Dadzie and Winston (2007) |
| Customs tariff change | Uncertainty about tariff issues, due to changing or unclear regulations | Sawhnev and Sumukadas (2005), Jiao (2015) |
| Customs clearance delay | Uncertainty about the timeliness of cu stone procedures (e.g. inspections might cause delays) | Sawhnevand Sumukadas (2005), Jiao (2015) |
| Regulations | Any normative regulations in the e-commerce field which could impact the sale of foreign products in an unpredictable way | Jiao (2015) |
| Exchange rates | Uncertainty about the effects of currency (i.e. exchange rate) fluctuations | Gessner and Snodgrass (2015) and Wu (2011) |
| Risk item | Description | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|
| International transport cost | Uncertainty about the quotation of transport cost related to the cross-border shipment of cargoes | |
| International transport tine | Uncertainty about the time needed to accomplish cross-border shipment and related risks of delays | |
| Local (e.g. in China) transport cost | Uncertainty about the quotation of delivery cost to the single customers within the destination country | |
| Local (e.g. in China) transport time | Uncertainty about the time needed to perform local delivery to customers and related risks of delays | |
| Demand level | Risk of poor demand forecast ability and risk of being unable to manage unexpected changes in demand volumes | |
| Inventory carrying cost | Uncertainty about the quotation of inventory carrying cost which ultimately depend also on the level of inventory and the value of the product | |
| Handling time | Uncertainty about the time needed to perform handling activities | |
| Labor cost | Changes in labor cost which can affect labor intensive processes, e.g. picking | |
| Return cost | Uncertainty about the cost of managing returns | |
| Return time | Uncertainty about the time needed to manage the return process | |
| Return rate | Uncertainty about the percentage of products that will be returned by customers | |
| Product damage | Risk of product damage due to inadequate care during transport, handling or inventory management activities | |
| Order cycle time | Uncertainty about the time in between customer order and order delivery | |
| Order tracking | Technology breakdowns or errors that might cause problems in order tracking activities | |
| Stock out | Risk of running out of available product inventory | |
| Customs tariff change | Uncertainty about tariff issues, due to changing or unclear regulations | |
| Customs clearance delay | Uncertainty about the timeliness of cu stone procedures (e.g. inspections might cause delays) | |
| Regulations | Any normative regulations in the e-commerce field which could impact the sale of foreign products in an unpredictable way | |
| Exchange rates | Uncertainty about the effects of currency (i.e. exchange rate) fluctuations |
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