Table 3. Enablers of and barriers to the...

Table 3.

Enablers of and barriers to the employee characteristics factors for first-line employees in lean implementation in small- and medium-sized enterprises

	Employee characteristics (competence/personal traits)
Enablers	Creativity and innovation (Darcy et al., 2014; Saunders et al., 2014; Yadav et al., 2019a) Task rotation, training and reallocation (Majava and Ojanperä, 2017) Problem-solving demands and activities (Cullinane et al., 2013; Huo and Boxall, 2018) Involvement in activities of checking, reporting and correcting eventual problems (Kull et al., 2014) High level of affect-based trust and cognition-based trust (Li et al., 2015; Bruce et al., 2011); trust built through team activity (Roslin et al., 2019; Shokri et al., 2016) Knowledge-sharing (Eze et al., 2013) Signs of improvements in lean implementation in a particular area within SMEs (Bakås et al., 2011) Adaptable employees (Dombrowski et al., 2010)
Barriers	Unused employee creativity (Majava and Ojanperä, 2017) Lack of confidence in the lean program (Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b) Resisting to lean (AlManei et al., 2017; Antomarioni et al., 2020; Antosz and Stadnicka, 2017; Mamat et al., 2015; Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b; Salma et al., 2018) Lack of knowledge of lean techniques (Rose et al., 2013; Van Goubergen et al., 2011) Lack of training and skills (Abu et al., 2019; Moeuf et al., 2016; Yadav et al., 2019b)

	Employee characteristics (competence/personal traits)
Enablers	Creativity and innovation (Darcy et al., 2014; Saunders et al., 2014; Yadav et al., 2019a)Task rotation, training and reallocation (Majava and Ojanperä, 2017)Problem-solving demands and activities (Cullinane et al., 2013; Huo and Boxall, 2018)Involvement in activities of checking, reporting and correcting eventual problems (Kull et al., 2014)High level of affect-based trust and cognition-based trust (Li et al., 2015; Bruce et al., 2011); trust built through team activity (Roslin et al., 2019; Shokri et al., 2016)Knowledge-sharing (Eze et al., 2013)Signs of improvements in lean implementation in a particular area within SMEs (Bakås et al., 2011)Adaptable employees (Dombrowski et al., 2010)
Barriers	Unused employee creativity (Majava and Ojanperä, 2017)Lack of confidence in the lean program (Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b)Resisting to lean (AlManei et al., 2017; Antomarioni et al., 2020; Antosz and Stadnicka, 2017; Mamat et al., 2015; Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b; Salma et al., 2018)Lack of knowledge of lean techniques (Rose et al., 2013; Van Goubergen et al., 2011)Lack of training and skills (Abu et al., 2019; Moeuf et al., 2016; Yadav et al., 2019b)

Employee characteristics (competence/personal traits)

Enablers

Creativity and innovation (Darcy et al., 2014; Saunders et al., 2014; Yadav et al., 2019a)Task rotation, training and reallocation (Majava and Ojanperä, 2017)Problem-solving demands and activities (Cullinane et al., 2013; Huo and Boxall, 2018)Involvement in activities of checking, reporting and correcting eventual problems (Kull et al., 2014)High level of affect-based trust and cognition-based trust (Li et al., 2015; Bruce et al., 2011); trust built through team activity (Roslin et al., 2019; Shokri et al., 2016)Knowledge-sharing (Eze et al., 2013)Signs of improvements in lean implementation in a particular area within SMEs (Bakås et al., 2011)Adaptable employees (Dombrowski et al., 2010)

Barriers

Unused employee creativity (Majava and Ojanperä, 2017)Lack of confidence in the lean program (Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b)Resisting to lean (AlManei et al., 2017; Antomarioni et al., 2020; Antosz and Stadnicka, 2017; Mamat et al., 2015; Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b; Salma et al., 2018)Lack of knowledge of lean techniques (Rose et al., 2013; Van Goubergen et al., 2011)Lack of training and skills (Abu et al., 2019; Moeuf et al., 2016; Yadav et al., 2019b)

[ViewLarge]

Sharing Unavailable