Table 4. Enablers and barriers of...

Table 4.

Enablers and barriers of management involvement factors for first-line employees in lean implementation in small- and medium-sized enterprises

	Management involvement
Enablers	Management involvement (Achanga et al., 2006; Gandhi et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2015; Mamat et al., 2015; Yadav et al., 2019a) Top and middle-management commitment (Alefari et al., 2017; Hernandez-Matias et al., 2019) Top management support (Glover et al., 2011; Caldera et al., 2019), first-line manager support (Huo et al., 2019) Feedback (Kull et al., 2014; Mehta and Shah, 2005) Assigning responsibility and using tools for making decisions (Hallstedt et al., 2013) External support from consultants (AlManei et al., 2017)
Barriers	Lack of management commitment (Jobin, 2015; Yadav et al., 2019b; Mamat et al., 2015) Lack of communication between workers and supervisors (Yadav et al., 2019b; Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b) Lack of knowledge about existing specialists in lean areas (Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b)

	Management involvement
Enablers	Management involvement (Achanga et al., 2006; Gandhi et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2015; Mamat et al., 2015; Yadav et al., 2019a)Top and middle-management commitment (Alefari et al., 2017; Hernandez-Matias et al., 2019)Top management support (Glover et al., 2011; Caldera et al., 2019), first-line manager support (Huo et al., 2019)Feedback (Kull et al., 2014; Mehta and Shah, 2005)Assigning responsibility and using tools for making decisions (Hallstedt et al., 2013)External support from consultants (AlManei et al., 2017)
Barriers	Lack of management commitment (Jobin, 2015; Yadav et al., 2019b; Mamat et al., 2015)Lack of communication between workers and supervisors (Yadav et al., 2019b; Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b)Lack of knowledge about existing specialists in lean areas (Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b)

Management involvement

Enablers

Management involvement (Achanga et al., 2006; Gandhi et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2015; Mamat et al., 2015; Yadav et al., 2019a)Top and middle-management commitment (Alefari et al., 2017; Hernandez-Matias et al., 2019)Top management support (Glover et al., 2011; Caldera et al., 2019), first-line manager support (Huo et al., 2019)Feedback (Kull et al., 2014; Mehta and Shah, 2005)Assigning responsibility and using tools for making decisions (Hallstedt et al., 2013)External support from consultants (AlManei et al., 2017)

Barriers

Lack of management commitment (Jobin, 2015; Yadav et al., 2019b; Mamat et al., 2015)Lack of communication between workers and supervisors (Yadav et al., 2019b; Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b)Lack of knowledge about existing specialists in lean areas (Ramadas and Satish, 2018a, 2018b)

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