Table 1.

Review protocol

Purpose of the studyTo establish correlations and variations between Japanese Lean philosophy and the South African Ubuntu philosophy
Inclusion criteria• Literature including “Lean” or “Ubuntu” in their title, abstract or keywords
• Literature on Ubuntu management philosophy
• Literature on lean management philosophy
Exclusion• Theology/religious-based Ubuntu literature (as opposed to the management philosophy of Ubuntu)
• Ubuntu in terms of legislative principles
• Ubuntu literature referring to software/programming
• Lean literature related to obesity/weight loss
• Lean literature that only discusses the five principles of Lean philosophy (as opposed to management principles)
• Non-English literature
Search databasesSearches were conducted on six databases, namely:• ScienceDirect
• Scopus
• IEEE Xplore
• Web of Science
• EBSCOhost (Academic Search Premier, Africa-wide information, Applied Science and Technology Source, Business Source Premier, eBook Collection, E-journal, MasterFILE premier, Philosophers Index with full- text)
• Emerald Insight Journals
KeywordsAll the selected databases were searched using the following keywords:• “Lean Philosophy” and “Management Principles”
• “Ubuntu Philosophy” and “Management Principles”
Quality assessment criteria• All duplicate literature was excluded
• Recovered literature will be checked for relevance (besides inclusion and exclusion criteria)

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