Results of unit root testing with structural breaks
Levels
First difference
Full
−5.34*
−46.70*
Phase II
−4.36
−29.76*
Phase III
−3.10
−28.82*
Levels
First difference
Full
−5.34*
−46.70*
Phase II
−4.36
−29.76*
Phase III
−3.10
−28.82*
Notes: In this table, we apply the ADF test accounting for structural break points. The test is applied to both full and subsamples. *Coefficient is statistically significant at the 1 percent level