Main variables
| Dependent variable | Description |
|---|---|
| Non-formal education | EU-LFS variable COURATT: “Did you attend any courses, seminars, conferences or received private lessons or instructions outside the regular education system within the last 4 weeks?” |
| Main independent variables | |
| Job's automation risk | This is a variable dividing workers in three automation risk groups: low (less than 30%), medium (between 30 and 70%) and high (more than 70%) |
| LMP Spending | This is the country-level expenditure on active labour market policies, aimed at training, as a percentage of GDP (standardized), source: OECD (2019a) |
| EPL, regular contracts | The strictness of Employment Protection Legislation for regular contracts. This is a synthetic variable ranging from 0–6 with 6 indicating the strictest employment protection legislation, source: OECD (2019b) |
| EPL, temporary contracts | The strictness of Employment Protection Legislation for temporary contracts. This is a synthetic variable ranging from 0–6 with 6 indicating the strictest employment protection legislation, source: OECD (2019c) |
| Country | Country dummies |
| Dependent variable | Description |
|---|---|
| Non-formal education | EU-LFS variable COURATT: “Did you attend any courses, seminars, conferences or received private lessons or instructions outside the regular education system within the last 4 weeks?” |
| Job's automation risk | This is a variable dividing workers in three automation risk groups: low (less than 30%), medium (between 30 and 70%) and high (more than 70%) |
| LMP Spending | This is the country-level expenditure on active labour market policies, aimed at training, as a percentage of GDP (standardized), source: |
| EPL, regular contracts | The strictness of Employment Protection Legislation for regular contracts. This is a synthetic variable ranging from 0–6 with 6 indicating the strictest employment protection legislation, source: |
| EPL, temporary contracts | The strictness of Employment Protection Legislation for temporary contracts. This is a synthetic variable ranging from 0–6 with 6 indicating the strictest employment protection legislation, source: |
| Country | Country dummies |
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