Table A3 Multilevel logistic regressions...

Table A3

Multilevel logistic regressions explaining non-formal education attendance

	M0			M3			M4			M5			M6			M7			M8
	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R
Fixed part
Gender = female	0.22***	0.01	1.24	0.22***	0.01	1.24	0.22***	0.01	1.25	0.22***	0.01	1.24	0.22***	0.01	1.25	0.22***	0.01	1.24	0.22***	0.01	1.25
Age = 25 to 34	−0.32***	0.01	0.73	−0.32***	0.01	0.72	−0.31***	0.01	0.74	−0.32***	0.01	0.73	−0.3***	0.01	0.74	−0.32***	0.01	0.72	−0.31***	0.01	0.74
Age = 35 to 49	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.33***	0.01	0.72	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.32***	0.01	0.72	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.33***	0.01	0.72
Age = 50 to 64	−0.46***	0.01	0.63	−0.46***	0.01	0.63	−0.45***	0.01	0.64	−0.46***	0.01	0.63	−0.44***	0.01	0.64	−0.46***	0.01	0.63	−0.45***	0.01	0.64
Age = 65+	−0.83***	0.02	0.44	−0.84***	0.02	0.43	−0.83***	0.02	0.44	−0.83***	0.02	0.44	−0.82***	0.02	0.44	−0.84***	0.02	0.43	−0.83***	0.02	0.44
Level of education = Upper secondary	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.48***	0.01	1.61	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.47***	0.01	1.60
Level of education = Tertiary education	0.94***	0.01	2.55	0.95***	0.01	2.57	0.94***	0.01	2.57	0.93***	0.01	2.54	0.93***	0.01	2.54	0.94***	0.01	2.55	0.94***	0.01	2.55
Economic sector = Manufacturing	0.2***	0.02	1.22	0.22***	0.02	1.24	0.2***	0.02	1.22	0.2***	0.02	1.22	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.2***	0.02	1.23	0.19***	0.02	1.21
Economic sector = Construction	−0.06**	0.02	0.94	−0.04	0.02	0.96	−0.06**	0.02	0.94	−0.06**	0.02	0.95	−0.07**	0.02	0.93	−0.06**	0.02	0.94	−0.07**	0.02	0.93
Economic sector = Retail	0.11***	0.02	1.11	0.12***	0.02	1.13	0.1***	0.02	1.10	0.11***	0.02	1.11	0.09***	0.02	1.10	0.11***	0.02	1.12	0.09***	0.02	1.10
Economic sector = Logistics	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.21***	0.02	1.23	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.18***	0.02	1.20	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.18***	0.02	1.20
Economic sector = Hospitality	−0.15***	0.02	0.86	−0.14***	0.02	0.87	−0.16***	0.02	0.85	−0.15***	0.02	0.86	−0.17***	0.02	0.85	−0.15***	0.02	0.86	−0.17***	0.02	0.85
Economic sector = Business services	0.37***	0.02	1.44	0.39***	0.02	1.47	0.37***	0.02	1.44	0.37***	0.02	1.44	0.36***	0.02	1.43	0.37***	0.02	1.45	0.36***	0.02	1.43
Economic sector = Public services	0.49***	0.02	1.63	0.51***	0.02	1.66	0.49***	0.02	1.64	0.49***	0.02	1.63	0.48***	0.02	1.62	0.49***	0.02	1.63	0.48***	0.02	1.62
Economic sector = Other services	0.21***	0.02	1.23	0.23***	0.02	1.26	0.21***	0.02	1.23	0.21***	0.02	1.23	0.2***	0.02	1.22	0.21***	0.02	1.24	0.2***	0.02	1.22
Automation risk = Medium	−0.23***	0.01	0.80	−0.23***	0,01	0.80	−0.23***	0.05	0.80	−0.23***	0.01	0.80	−0.13	0.33	0.88	−0.23***	0.01	0.80	0.07	0.14	1.08
Automation risk = High	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.35***	0.01	0.71	−0.4***	0.07	0.67	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	0.22	0.46	1.24	−0.35***	0.01	0.71	−0.08	0.25	0.92
Spending on LMP as % of GDP (std)				0.39**	0.15	1.48	0.38**	0.14	1.47
Aut. risk = Medium × LMP spending							0	0.05	1.00
Aut. risk = High × LMP spending							0.06	0.07	1.07
EPL regular contracts										−0.04	0.45	0.96	0.02	0.42	1.02
Aut. risk = Medium × EPL reg													−0.04	0.13	0.96
Aut. risk = High × EPL reg													−0.24	0.19	0.79
EPL temporary contracts																0.25	0.22	1.28	0.32	0.21	1.37
Aut. risk = Medium × EPL temp																			−0.13*	0.06	0.88
Aut. risk = High × EPL temp																			−0.12	0.1	0.89
Constant	−2687***	0.16	0.00	−2834***	0.15	0.00	−2817***	0.14	0.00	−2586*	1,097	0.00	−2728**	1,039	0.00	−3264***	0.53	0.00	−3423***	0.5	0.00
Random part
Level: country
Var (constant)	0.60	0.18		0.49	0.14		0.43	0.13		0.59	0.17		0.53	0.16		0.62	0.18		0.54	0.16
Covar (Aut. risk = Medium/constant)							0.02	0.03					0.03	0.04					0.04	0.03
Var (Aut. risk = Medium)							0.05	0.02					0.05	0.02					0.04	0.01
Covar (Aut. risk = High/constant)							0.05	0.05					0.07	0.05					0.09	0.06
Covar (Aut. risk = High/ Aut. risk = Medium)							0.06	0.02					0.07	0.02					0.07	0.02
Var (Aut. risk = High)							0.10	0.03					0.10	0.03					0.13	0.04
Units: country	23			23			23			23			23			23			23
Units: individuals	1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678

	M0			M3			M4			M5			M6			M7			M8
	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R	Log-odds	S.E	O.R
Fixed part
Gender = female	0.22***	0.01	1.24	0.22***	0.01	1.24	0.22***	0.01	1.25	0.22***	0.01	1.24	0.22***	0.01	1.25	0.22***	0.01	1.24	0.22***	0.01	1.25
Age = 25 to 34	−0.32***	0.01	0.73	−0.32***	0.01	0.72	−0.31***	0.01	0.74	−0.32***	0.01	0.73	−0.3***	0.01	0.74	−0.32***	0.01	0.72	−0.31***	0.01	0.74
Age = 35 to 49	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.33***	0.01	0.72	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.32***	0.01	0.72	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.33***	0.01	0.72
Age = 50 to 64	−0.46***	0.01	0.63	−0.46***	0.01	0.63	−0.45***	0.01	0.64	−0.46***	0.01	0.63	−0.44***	0.01	0.64	−0.46***	0.01	0.63	−0.45***	0.01	0.64
Age = 65+	−0.83***	0.02	0.44	−0.84***	0.02	0.43	−0.83***	0.02	0.44	−0.83***	0.02	0.44	−0.82***	0.02	0.44	−0.84***	0.02	0.43	−0.83***	0.02	0.44
Level of education = Upper secondary	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.48***	0.01	1.61	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.47***	0.01	1.60	0.47***	0.01	1.60
Level of education = Tertiary education	0.94***	0.01	2.55	0.95***	0.01	2.57	0.94***	0.01	2.57	0.93***	0.01	2.54	0.93***	0.01	2.54	0.94***	0.01	2.55	0.94***	0.01	2.55
Economic sector = Manufacturing	0.2***	0.02	1.22	0.22***	0.02	1.24	0.2***	0.02	1.22	0.2***	0.02	1.22	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.2***	0.02	1.23	0.19***	0.02	1.21
Economic sector = Construction	−0.06**	0.02	0.94	−0.04	0.02	0.96	−0.06**	0.02	0.94	−0.06**	0.02	0.95	−0.07**	0.02	0.93	−0.06**	0.02	0.94	−0.07**	0.02	0.93
Economic sector = Retail	0.11***	0.02	1.11	0.12***	0.02	1.13	0.1***	0.02	1.10	0.11***	0.02	1.11	0.09***	0.02	1.10	0.11***	0.02	1.12	0.09***	0.02	1.10
Economic sector = Logistics	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.21***	0.02	1.23	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.18***	0.02	1.20	0.19***	0.02	1.21	0.18***	0.02	1.20
Economic sector = Hospitality	−0.15***	0.02	0.86	−0.14***	0.02	0.87	−0.16***	0.02	0.85	−0.15***	0.02	0.86	−0.17***	0.02	0.85	−0.15***	0.02	0.86	−0.17***	0.02	0.85
Economic sector = Business services	0.37***	0.02	1.44	0.39***	0.02	1.47	0.37***	0.02	1.44	0.37***	0.02	1.44	0.36***	0.02	1.43	0.37***	0.02	1.45	0.36***	0.02	1.43
Economic sector = Public services	0.49***	0.02	1.63	0.51***	0.02	1.66	0.49***	0.02	1.64	0.49***	0.02	1.63	0.48***	0.02	1.62	0.49***	0.02	1.63	0.48***	0.02	1.62
Economic sector = Other services	0.21***	0.02	1.23	0.23***	0.02	1.26	0.21***	0.02	1.23	0.21***	0.02	1.23	0.2***	0.02	1.22	0.21***	0.02	1.24	0.2***	0.02	1.22
Automation risk = Medium	−0.23***	0.01	0.80	−0.23***	0,01	0.80	−0.23***	0.05	0.80	−0.23***	0.01	0.80	−0.13	0.33	0.88	−0.23***	0.01	0.80	0.07	0.14	1.08
Automation risk = High	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	−0.35***	0.01	0.71	−0.4***	0.07	0.67	−0.34***	0.01	0.71	0.22	0.46	1.24	−0.35***	0.01	0.71	−0.08	0.25	0.92
Spending on LMP as % of GDP (std)				0.39**	0.15	1.48	0.38**	0.14	1.47
Aut. risk = Medium × LMP spending							0	0.05	1.00
Aut. risk = High × LMP spending							0.06	0.07	1.07
EPL regular contracts										−0.04	0.45	0.96	0.02	0.42	1.02
Aut. risk = Medium × EPL reg													−0.04	0.13	0.96
Aut. risk = High × EPL reg													−0.24	0.19	0.79
EPL temporary contracts																0.25	0.22	1.28	0.32	0.21	1.37
Aut. risk = Medium × EPL temp																			−0.13*	0.06	0.88
Aut. risk = High × EPL temp																			−0.12	0.1	0.89
Constant	−2687***	0.16	0.00	−2834***	0.15	0.00	−2817***	0.14	0.00	−2586*	1,097	0.00	−2728**	1,039	0.00	−3264***	0.53	0.00	−3423***	0.5	0.00
Random part
Level: country
Var (constant)	0.60	0.18		0.49	0.14		0.43	0.13		0.59	0.17		0.53	0.16		0.62	0.18		0.54	0.16
Covar (Aut. risk = Medium/constant)							0.02	0.03					0.03	0.04					0.04	0.03
Var (Aut. risk = Medium)							0.05	0.02					0.05	0.02					0.04	0.01
Covar (Aut. risk = High/constant)							0.05	0.05					0.07	0.05					0.09	0.06
Covar (Aut. risk = High/ Aut. risk = Medium)							0.06	0.02					0.07	0.02					0.07	0.02
Var (Aut. risk = High)							0.10	0.03					0.10	0.03					0.13	0.04
Units: country	23			23			23			23			23			23			23
Units: individuals	1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678			1,620,678

Note(s): ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05

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