Table 7 Determinants of STWT duration by...

Table 7

Determinants of STWT duration by gender using the Cox semi-parametric function^(*)

Variables	Men		Women		All
Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Women	–	–	–	–	0.595^***	0.622^***
Nationality (ref. migrant IT)
Migrant from EU Austria	1.024	1.058	0.724^**	0.757^*	0.844^*	0.900
Migrant from EU UK	1.417^***	1.351^***	1.321^***	1.329^***	1.378^***	1.349^***
Migrant extra EU Austria	0.874	0.895	0.558	0.719^**	0.698^***	0.818^**
Migrant extra EU Poland	0.475	0.436	0.526	0.576	0.524^*	0.542^*
Migrant extra EU UK	0.690^***	0.646^***	0.542^***	0.582^***	0.601^***	0.596^***
Marital status (ref. single IT)
Single AT		3.120^***		2.278^***		1.539^***
Single PL		1.493^***		1.104		0.816^**
Single UK		2.455^***		2.464^***		1.509^**
Other (married, separate., etc.) AT		3.209^***		1.253		1.096
Other (married, separate., etc.) IT		1.339^***		0.669^***		0.829^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) PL		2.113^***		0.635^**		0.659^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) UK		3.319^***		1.893^***		1.448^**
Benefits for unemployment (ref. IT)
Benefits AT		0.677^***		0.777^***		0.736^***
Benefits PL		0.480^*		0.473^**		0.467^***
Level of education (low IT)
Low AT	1.163		0.834		1.000
Low PL	1.203		1.389		1.200
Low UK	1.987^***		1.941^***		1.926^***
Upper secondary ed. AT	0.9398	0.794	1.590	1.617^***	1.260	1.139
Upper secondary ed. IT	1.868^***	1.938^***	2.398^***	2.191^***	2.017^***	1.974^***
Upper secondary ed. PL	2.393^***	1.971^***	3.034^***	2.483^***	2.270^***	1.974^***
Upper secondary ed. UK	3.162^***	1.583^***	3.378^***	1.800^***	3.030^***	1.585^***
Post-secondary AT	0.992	0.915	1.668	1.574^**	1.407	1.274
Post-secondary IT	1.889^**	1.943^**	2.715	2.429^***	2.175^***	1.298
Post-secondary PL	1.414	1.240	3.105^***	2.547^***	1.716^***	1.492^***
Tertiary education AT	2.005	1.678^***	1.494	1.736^***	1.633	1.564^***
Tertiary education IT	2.535^***	2.691^***	3.772^***	3.355^***	3.045^***	1.786^***
Tertiary education PL	3.382^***	2.800^***	4.525^***	3.942^***	3.233^***	2.834^***
Tertiary education UK	3.403^***	1.680^***	4.284^***	2.332^***	3.610^***	1.860^***
Vocational AT	0.695	0.767	0.421^***	0.481^***	0.524^***	0.580^***
Vocational PL	1.112	1.155^**	0.891	0.907	1.059	1.059
Vocational UK	0.774^*	0.766^*	0.651^***	0.644^***	0.715^***	0.708^***
Vocational student-worker AT	5.943^***	5.438^***	7.433^***	7.092^***	6.278^***	5.903^***
Vocational student-worker UK	2.999^***	2.874^***	4.849^***	4.927^***	3.779^***	3.744^***
Degree of urbanization (ref. rural IT)
Rural area AT	1.980		2.326		2.006^*
Rural area PL	1.150		0.785		1.060
Rural area UK	1.059		1.155		1.092
Intermediate degree AT	2.001	0.995	2.516^*	1.071	2.147^**	1.055
Intermediate degree IT	0.999	0.991	1.070	1.066	1.023	1.007
Intermediate degree PL	1.131	0.972	0.826	1.048	1.073	1.003
Intermediate degree UK	0.935	0.885	1.232^***	1.056	1.058	0.970
City AT	1.587	0.851^**	2.156	0.904	1.769	0.900^*
City IT	0.798^***	0.800^***	0.983	0.969	0.871^***	0.828^***
City PL	1.101	0.958	0.968	1.160^**	1.157	1.074
City UK		0.968		0.885		0.943
Unemployment rate (ref. IT)
Austria		0.966^**		0.986		0.974^**
Poland		0.972		0.992		0.984
UK		0.965		0.941		0.945^*
Age	0.998^**	0.995^***	0.988^***	0.993^***	0.993^***	0.996^***
Wald chi	4097.16^***	3902.50^***	3922.33^***	3599.01^***	6811.07^***	6444.45^***
N	5,492	5,492	5,552	5,552	11,044	11,044

Variables	Men		Women		All
Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Women	–	–	–	–	0.595^***	0.622^***
Nationality (ref. migrant IT)
Migrant from EU Austria	1.024	1.058	0.724^**	0.757^*	0.844^*	0.900
Migrant from EU UK	1.417^***	1.351^***	1.321^***	1.329^***	1.378^***	1.349^***
Migrant extra EU Austria	0.874	0.895	0.558	0.719^**	0.698^***	0.818^**
Migrant extra EU Poland	0.475	0.436	0.526	0.576	0.524^*	0.542^*
Migrant extra EU UK	0.690^***	0.646^***	0.542^***	0.582^***	0.601^***	0.596^***
Marital status (ref. single IT)
Single AT		3.120^***		2.278^***		1.539^***
Single PL		1.493^***		1.104		0.816^**
Single UK		2.455^***		2.464^***		1.509^**
Other (married, separate., etc.) AT		3.209^***		1.253		1.096
Other (married, separate., etc.) IT		1.339^***		0.669^***		0.829^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) PL		2.113^***		0.635^**		0.659^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) UK		3.319^***		1.893^***		1.448^**
Benefits for unemployment (ref. IT)
Benefits AT		0.677^***		0.777^***		0.736^***
Benefits PL		0.480^*		0.473^**		0.467^***
Level of education (low IT)
Low AT	1.163		0.834		1.000
Low PL	1.203		1.389		1.200
Low UK	1.987^***		1.941^***		1.926^***
Upper secondary ed. AT	0.9398	0.794	1.590	1.617^***	1.260	1.139
Upper secondary ed. IT	1.868^***	1.938^***	2.398^***	2.191^***	2.017^***	1.974^***
Upper secondary ed. PL	2.393^***	1.971^***	3.034^***	2.483^***	2.270^***	1.974^***
Upper secondary ed. UK	3.162^***	1.583^***	3.378^***	1.800^***	3.030^***	1.585^***
Post-secondary AT	0.992	0.915	1.668	1.574^**	1.407	1.274
Post-secondary IT	1.889^**	1.943^**	2.715	2.429^***	2.175^***	1.298
Post-secondary PL	1.414	1.240	3.105^***	2.547^***	1.716^***	1.492^***
Tertiary education AT	2.005	1.678^***	1.494	1.736^***	1.633	1.564^***
Tertiary education IT	2.535^***	2.691^***	3.772^***	3.355^***	3.045^***	1.786^***
Tertiary education PL	3.382^***	2.800^***	4.525^***	3.942^***	3.233^***	2.834^***
Tertiary education UK	3.403^***	1.680^***	4.284^***	2.332^***	3.610^***	1.860^***
Vocational AT	0.695	0.767	0.421^***	0.481^***	0.524^***	0.580^***
Vocational PL	1.112	1.155^**	0.891	0.907	1.059	1.059
Vocational UK	0.774^*	0.766^*	0.651^***	0.644^***	0.715^***	0.708^***
Vocational student-worker AT	5.943^***	5.438^***	7.433^***	7.092^***	6.278^***	5.903^***
Vocational student-worker UK	2.999^***	2.874^***	4.849^***	4.927^***	3.779^***	3.744^***
Degree of urbanization (ref. rural IT)
Rural area AT	1.980		2.326		2.006^*
Rural area PL	1.150		0.785		1.060
Rural area UK	1.059		1.155		1.092
Intermediate degree AT	2.001	0.995	2.516^*	1.071	2.147^**	1.055
Intermediate degree IT	0.999	0.991	1.070	1.066	1.023	1.007
Intermediate degree PL	1.131	0.972	0.826	1.048	1.073	1.003
Intermediate degree UK	0.935	0.885	1.232^***	1.056	1.058	0.970
City AT	1.587	0.851^**	2.156	0.904	1.769	0.900^*
City IT	0.798^***	0.800^***	0.983	0.969	0.871^***	0.828^***
City PL	1.101	0.958	0.968	1.160^**	1.157	1.074
City UK		0.968		0.885		0.943
Unemployment rate (ref. IT)
Austria		0.966^**		0.986		0.974^**
Poland		0.972		0.992		0.984
UK		0.965		0.941		0.945^*
Age	0.998^**	0.995^***	0.988^***	0.993^***	0.993^***	0.996^***
Wald chi	4097.16^***	3902.50^***	3922.33^***	3599.01^***	6811.07^***	6444.45^***
N	5,492	5,492	5,552	5,552	11,044	11,044

Note(s): Coefficients are expressed in terms of hazard ratios

^(*) Student-workers are included in the analysis only if they have attained a vocational level of education. For this reason, the sample size is reduced in comparison to that of previous tables

^(**) Age is interacted with time

^*p < 0.1, ^**p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.01

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