Table 8 Determinants of STWT Duration by...

Table 8

Determinants of STWT Duration by Gender Using the Cox Semi-parametric Function considering completed the transition also for those who had in the past a regular job but not in employment at the time of interview

Variables	Men		Women
Variables	Model 2	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Nationality (ref. migrant IT)
Migrant from EU Austria	1.000	1.023	0.661^***	0.707^***
Migrant from EU UK	1.529^***	1.391^***	1.472^***	1.412^***
Migrant extra EU Austria	0.887	0.886	0.568^***	0.720^***
Migrant extra EU Poland	0.531^*	0.493^*	0.739^**	0.781^**
Migrant extra EU UK	0.800^*	0.739^***	0.572^***	0.580^***
Marital status (ref. single IT)
Single AT		1.760^***		0.910
Single PL		0.887		0.590^***
Single UK		1.418		1.257
Other (married, separate., etc.) AT		1.847^***		0.606^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) IT		1.210^***		0.561^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) PL		1.263^**		0.432^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) UK		2.010^***		1.069^***
Benefits for unemployment (ref. IT)
Benefits AT		0.738^***		0.874^**
Benefits PL		0.746		0.958
Level of education (low IT)
Low AT	1.240		0.815
Low PL	1.232		1.751^***
Low UK	2.277^***		2.991^***
Upper secondary ed. AT	1.321	0.971	2.502^**	2.178^***
Upper secondary ed. IT	2.382^***		4.870^***
Upper secondary ed. PL	2.735^***	2.081^***	4.565^***	2.731^***
Upper secondary ed. UK	3.578^***	1.527^***	5.276^***	1.817^***
Post-secondary AT	1.366	1.072	2.934^**	2.385^***
Post-secondary IT	2.248^***	1.266	7.896^***	2.163^***
Post-secondary PL	1.933^**	1.536^*	6.361^***	3.634^***
Tertiary education AT	2.688^**	1.906^***	3.187^***	3.024^***
Tertiary education IT	3.718^***	2.039^***	9.818^***	2.751^***
Tertiary education PL	4.085^***	3.017^***	8.179^***	4.804^***
Tertiary education UK	4.054^***	1.664^***	7.577^***	2.565^***
Vocational AT	0.976	1.080	0.640^***	0.728^***
Vocational PL	1.090	1.128^**	0.890^**	0.903^*
Vocational UK	0.865	0.853	0.905	0.872
Vocational student-worker AT	3.908^***	3.464^***	5.098^***	4.683^***
Vocational student-worker UK	2.951^***	2.673^***	4.493^***	4.257^***
Degree of urbanization (ref. rural IT)
Rural area AT	1.904		2.746^**
Rural area PL	1.246		1.146
Rural area UK	1.051		1.170
Intermediate degree AT	1.875	0.968	3.093^***	1.106^*
Intermediate degree IT	1.006	0.993	1.000	0.935^*
Intermediate degree PL	1.224	0.973	1.175	1.017
Intermediate degree UK	0.922	0.891	1.222^***	1.044
City AT	1.547	0.857^**	2.815^***	1.004
City IT	0.810^***	0.770^***	0.915^*	0.779^***
City PL	1.227	0.980	1.373	1.158^***
City UK		0.978		0.914
Unemployment rate (ref. IT)
Austria		0.969^**		0.981^***
Poland		0.977		0.987
UK		0.980		0.921^*
Age	0.986^***	0.988^***	0.975^***	0.983^***
Wald chi	4140.73^***	3917.31^***	3812.23^***	4037.60^***
N	5,492	5,492	5,552	5,552

Variables	Men		Women
Variables	Model 2	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Nationality (ref. migrant IT)
Migrant from EU Austria	1.000	1.023	0.661^***	0.707^***
Migrant from EU UK	1.529^***	1.391^***	1.472^***	1.412^***
Migrant extra EU Austria	0.887	0.886	0.568^***	0.720^***
Migrant extra EU Poland	0.531^*	0.493^*	0.739^**	0.781^**
Migrant extra EU UK	0.800^*	0.739^***	0.572^***	0.580^***
Marital status (ref. single IT)
Single AT		1.760^***		0.910
Single PL		0.887		0.590^***
Single UK		1.418		1.257
Other (married, separate., etc.) AT		1.847^***		0.606^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) IT		1.210^***		0.561^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) PL		1.263^**		0.432^***
Other (married, separate., etc.) UK		2.010^***		1.069^***
Benefits for unemployment (ref. IT)
Benefits AT		0.738^***		0.874^**
Benefits PL		0.746		0.958
Level of education (low IT)
Low AT	1.240		0.815
Low PL	1.232		1.751^***
Low UK	2.277^***		2.991^***
Upper secondary ed. AT	1.321	0.971	2.502^**	2.178^***
Upper secondary ed. IT	2.382^***		4.870^***
Upper secondary ed. PL	2.735^***	2.081^***	4.565^***	2.731^***
Upper secondary ed. UK	3.578^***	1.527^***	5.276^***	1.817^***
Post-secondary AT	1.366	1.072	2.934^**	2.385^***
Post-secondary IT	2.248^***	1.266	7.896^***	2.163^***
Post-secondary PL	1.933^**	1.536^*	6.361^***	3.634^***
Tertiary education AT	2.688^**	1.906^***	3.187^***	3.024^***
Tertiary education IT	3.718^***	2.039^***	9.818^***	2.751^***
Tertiary education PL	4.085^***	3.017^***	8.179^***	4.804^***
Tertiary education UK	4.054^***	1.664^***	7.577^***	2.565^***
Vocational AT	0.976	1.080	0.640^***	0.728^***
Vocational PL	1.090	1.128^**	0.890^**	0.903^*
Vocational UK	0.865	0.853	0.905	0.872
Vocational student-worker AT	3.908^***	3.464^***	5.098^***	4.683^***
Vocational student-worker UK	2.951^***	2.673^***	4.493^***	4.257^***
Degree of urbanization (ref. rural IT)
Rural area AT	1.904		2.746^**
Rural area PL	1.246		1.146
Rural area UK	1.051		1.170
Intermediate degree AT	1.875	0.968	3.093^***	1.106^*
Intermediate degree IT	1.006	0.993	1.000	0.935^*
Intermediate degree PL	1.224	0.973	1.175	1.017
Intermediate degree UK	0.922	0.891	1.222^***	1.044
City AT	1.547	0.857^**	2.815^***	1.004
City IT	0.810^***	0.770^***	0.915^*	0.779^***
City PL	1.227	0.980	1.373	1.158^***
City UK		0.978		0.914
Unemployment rate (ref. IT)
Austria		0.969^**		0.981^***
Poland		0.977		0.987
UK		0.980		0.921^*
Age	0.986^***	0.988^***	0.975^***	0.983^***
Wald chi	4140.73^***	3917.31^***	3812.23^***	4037.60^***
N	5,492	5,492	5,552	5,552

Note(s): Coefficients are expressed in terms of hazard ratios

^(*) Student-workers are included in the analysis only if they have attained a vocational level of education. For this reason, the sample size is reduced in comparison to that of previous tables

^(**) Age is interacted with time

^*p < 0.1, ^**p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.01

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