Robustness checks: changing sample selection and the assignment rule
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School to work transition | School to work transition | School to work transition | School to work transition | School to work transition | |
| Narrower control group | Assignment rule based on birth cohorts | Piemonte, Lombardia, Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige | Including people who never worked | Shorter (+/−5 years) bandwidth | |
| Reform | −0.585*** (0.154) | −0.292** (0.124) | −0.465*** (0.137) | −0.594*** (0.165) | −0.324** (0.147) |
| Constant | 4.169*** (0.558) | 2.390*** (0.195) | 2.585*** (0.348) | 2.484*** (0.376) | 1.089 (0.730) |
| Observations | 6,999 | 8,985 | 5,524 | 10,365 | 5,508 |
| R-squared | 0.143 | 0.143 | 0.142 | 0.209 | 0.136 |
| Graduation year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Region FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year of birth FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Individuals characteristics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School to work transition | School to work transition | School to work transition | School to work transition | School to work transition | |
| Narrower control group | Assignment rule based on birth cohorts | Piemonte, Lombardia, Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige | Including people who never worked | Shorter (+/−5 years) bandwidth | |
| Reform | −0.585*** (0.154) | −0.292** (0.124) | −0.465*** (0.137) | −0.594*** (0.165) | −0.324** (0.147) |
| Constant | 4.169*** (0.558) | 2.390*** (0.195) | 2.585*** (0.348) | 2.484*** (0.376) | 1.089 (0.730) |
| Observations | 6,999 | 8,985 | 5,524 | 10,365 | 5,508 |
| 0.143 | 0.143 | 0.142 | 0.209 | 0.136 | |
| Graduation year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Region FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year of birth FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Individuals characteristics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Note(s): The dependent variable is defined as the difference between the year the first job started and graduation year. The reform is a dummy equal to 1 for those individuals that graduated after the introduction of the reform (see Table 1). In column (2) we used an alternative definition of reform, defined as a dummy equal to 1 for those individuals who turned 14 after the introduction of the reform -see Table 1. Each regression includes a female dummy, a migrant dummy, and field of study's dummies. Robust standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1
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