Table 3 Marginal effects of years of...

Table 3

Marginal effects of years of overeducation and years of education in a SURE Tobit estimation of the three-equation system. Female sample

			Weekday			Weekend
Female sample		(1) PCC	(2) SCC	(3) Work	(4) PCC	(5) SCC	(6) Work
Mean-based measure	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	−5.010^**	−3.914	1.642	−12.60^***	−9.546	6.756
	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	(2.033)	(5.636)	(10.28)	(2.671)	(11.96)	(5.101)
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	4.564^**	3.271	6.476	7.105^***	7.504^*	9.770^***
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	(1.924)	(2.857)	(4.613)	(2.034)	(3.934)	(2.991)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	0.03	0.02	0.83	3.22	0.03	11.63
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.8571	0.8978	0.3621	0.0726	0.8538	0.0007
Log pseudolikelihood			−84646.6			−68360.44
AIC			169323.2			136752.9
BIC			169421.5			136858.5
Mode-based measure	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	−1.196^*	1.305	−1.362	−3.274^***	0.214	2.311
	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	(0.669)	(1.475)	(2.724)	(0.650)	(1.724)	(2.482)
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	3.445^***	2.396	1.133	6.753^***	8.956^***	5.474^***
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	(0.912)	(1.650)	(3.172)	(0.832)	(2.439)	(2.059)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	3.81	3.56	0.00	10.18	10.66	7.47
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.0509	0.0592	0.9513	0.0014	0.0011	0.0063
Log pseudolikelihood			−83038.6			−65253.25
AIC			166107.2			130536.5
BIC			166205.5			130635.5
75 percentile-based measure	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	−1.196	−4.137	2.453	−9.850^***	−9.570	5.656
	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	(1.345)	(3.295)	(5.249)	(1.760)	(6.215)	(4.313)
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	3.840^***	3.301	3.541	7.754^***	9.681^***	6.505^**
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	(1.216)	(2.068)	(3.313)	(1.490)	(2.773)	(2.749)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	2.04	0.07	1.49	1.02	0.00	9.69
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.1533	0.7925	0.2230	0.3115	0.9838	0.0019
Log pseudolikelihood			−84388.79			−68079.59
AIC			168809.6			136189.2
BIC			168914.5			136288.2
N			5,200			5,448

			Weekday			Weekend
Female sample		(1)PCC	(2)SCC	(3)Work	(4)PCC	(5)SCC	(6)Work
Mean-based measure	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	−5.010^**	−3.914	1.642	−12.60^***	−9.546	6.756
	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	(2.033)	(5.636)	(10.28)	(2.671)	(11.96)	(5.101)
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	4.564^**	3.271	6.476	7.105^***	7.504^*	9.770^***
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	(1.924)	(2.857)	(4.613)	(2.034)	(3.934)	(2.991)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	0.03	0.02	0.83	3.22	0.03	11.63
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.8571	0.8978	0.3621	0.0726	0.8538	0.0007
Log pseudolikelihood			−84646.6			−68360.44
AIC			169323.2			136752.9
BIC			169421.5			136858.5
Mode-based measure	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	−1.196^*	1.305	−1.362	−3.274^***	0.214	2.311
	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	(0.669)	(1.475)	(2.724)	(0.650)	(1.724)	(2.482)
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	3.445^***	2.396	1.133	6.753^***	8.956^***	5.474^***
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	(0.912)	(1.650)	(3.172)	(0.832)	(2.439)	(2.059)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	3.81	3.56	0.00	10.18	10.66	7.47
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.0509	0.0592	0.9513	0.0014	0.0011	0.0063
Log pseudolikelihood			−83038.6			−65253.25
AIC			166107.2			130536.5
BIC			166205.5			130635.5
75 percentile-based measure	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	−1.196	−4.137	2.453	−9.850^***	−9.570	5.656
	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	(1.345)	(3.295)	(5.249)	(1.760)	(6.215)	(4.313)
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	3.840^***	3.301	3.541	7.754^***	9.681^***	6.505^**
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	(1.216)	(2.068)	(3.313)	(1.490)	(2.773)	(2.749)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	2.04	0.07	1.49	1.02	0.00	9.69
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.1533	0.7925	0.2230	0.3115	0.9838	0.0019
Log pseudolikelihood			−84388.79			−68079.59
AIC			168809.6			136189.2
BIC			168914.5			136288.2
N			5,200			5,448

Source(s): Author's own creation. PCC: Primary childcare time; SCC: Supervisory childcare time; Work: work time. Marginal effects at mean. Control variables: age (and its squared), married or cohabiting with partner, race, number of children in the household, the age of the youngest kid, and household size, as well as region and year of the survey fixed effects. Clustered standard errors in parentheses. ATUS weights corrected by Propensity Score. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

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