Table 4 Marginal effects of years of...

Table 4

Marginal effects of years of overeducation and years of education in a SURE Tobit estimation of the three-equation system. Male sample

			Weekday			Weekend
Male sample		(1) PCC	(2) SCC	(3) Work	(4) PCC	(5) SCC	(6) Work
Mean-based measure	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	−4.919^***	−3.284	1.210	−9.589^***	−31.97^***	16.65^***
	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	(1.705)	(3.981)	(6.169)	(2.403)	(10.09)	(4.440)
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	2.130^**	−1.525	6.377^**	5.929^***	3.782	1.122
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	(1.035)	(1.433)	(3.230)	(1.135)	(3.624)	(2.272)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	3.34	1.23	1.97	2.46	9.56	20.47
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.0678	0.2672	0.1603	0.1165	0.002	0.000
Log pseudolikelihood			−88016.34			−71686.05
AIC			176062.7			143402.1
BIC			176162.4			143501.5
Mode-based measure	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	−1.466^***	−2.178^*	−1.142	−3.198^***	−10.36^***	6.362^**
	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	(0.508)	(1.205)	(2.480)	(0.914)	(3.073)	(2.597)
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	1.347^***	−1.794	9.526^***	5.689^***	6.625^***	−4.045^***
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	(0.432)	(1.164)	(1.573)	(0.561)	(2.038)	(0.988)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	0.05	4.57	9.22	5.29	0.9	0.77
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.8293	0.0325	0.0024	0.0214	0.3430	0.3815
Log pseudolikelihood			−87451.74			−70108.63
AIC			174933.5			140249.3
BIC			175033.2			140355.2
75 percentile-based measure	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	−3.117^***	−3.329	1.266	−5.630^***	−23.57^***	11.21^***
	$β_{0}$ ⁠: Years of overeducation	(1.131)	(2.232)	(2.737)	(1.449)	(5.293)	(2.410)
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	1.968^***	−1.260	8.693^***	6.238^***	8.212^***	−4.283^***
	$β_{1}$ ⁠: Years of education	(0.537)	(1.124)	(1.749)	(0.613)	(2.079)	(1.206)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	1.24	3.36	11.8	0.00	13.09	18.79
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.2654	0.0667	0.0006	0.9511	0.0003	0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood			−87966.36			−71145.32
AIC			175962.7			142320.6
BIC			176062.5			142420
N			5,710			5,564

			Weekday			Weekend
Male sample		(1)PCC	(2)SCC	(3)Work	(4)PCC	(5)SCC	(6)Work
Mean-based measure	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	−4.919^***	−3.284	1.210	−9.589^***	−31.97^***	16.65^***
	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	(1.705)	(3.981)	(6.169)	(2.403)	(10.09)	(4.440)
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	2.130^**	−1.525	6.377^**	5.929^***	3.782	1.122
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	(1.035)	(1.433)	(3.230)	(1.135)	(3.624)	(2.272)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	3.34	1.23	1.97	2.46	9.56	20.47
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.0678	0.2672	0.1603	0.1165	0.002	0.000
Log pseudolikelihood			−88016.34			−71686.05
AIC			176062.7			143402.1
BIC			176162.4			143501.5
Mode-based measure	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	−1.466^***	−2.178^*	−1.142	−3.198^***	−10.36^***	6.362^**
	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	(0.508)	(1.205)	(2.480)	(0.914)	(3.073)	(2.597)
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	1.347^***	−1.794	9.526^***	5.689^***	6.625^***	−4.045^***
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	(0.432)	(1.164)	(1.573)	(0.561)	(2.038)	(0.988)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	0.05	4.57	9.22	5.29	0.9	0.77
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.8293	0.0325	0.0024	0.0214	0.3430	0.3815
Log pseudolikelihood			−87451.74			−70108.63
AIC			174933.5			140249.3
BIC			175033.2			140355.2
75 percentile-based measure	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	−3.117^***	−3.329	1.266	−5.630^***	−23.57^***	11.21^***
	$β_{0}$ : Years of overeducation	(1.131)	(2.232)	(2.737)	(1.449)	(5.293)	(2.410)
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	1.968^***	−1.260	8.693^***	6.238^***	8.212^***	−4.283^***
	$β_{1}$ : Years of education	(0.537)	(1.124)	(1.749)	(0.613)	(2.079)	(1.206)
Chi-2	$H_{0} : β_{0} = - β_{1}$	1.24	3.36	11.8	0.00	13.09	18.79
Chi-2	Prob > Chi-2	0.2654	0.0667	0.0006	0.9511	0.0003	0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood			−87966.36			−71145.32
AIC			175962.7			142320.6
BIC			176062.5			142420
N			5,710			5,564

Source(s): Author's own creation. PCC: Primary childcare time; SCC: Supervisory childcare time; Work: work time. Marginal effects at mean. Control variables: age (and its squared), married or cohabiting with partner, race, number of children in the household, the age of the youngest kid and household size, as well as region and year of the survey fixed effects. Clustered standard errors in parentheses. ATUS weights corrected by Propensity Score. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

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