Table 3

Ex ante coding table

Coded factorsWhat we observed?Observed impact on the pathway performance
Visibility (KPIs)Hospital managers set a number of KPIs to control and improve visibility of the pathway, but these were conflicting with other existing hospital targets and goals
  • (Un) availability of focal resources

  • Pathway knowledge/interest of professionals

Visibility and clarity (Pathway Protocols and Guidelines)Unavailability of shared protocols and guidelines amongst professionals
  • Information and knowledge exchange

Shared resourcesED and brain-imaging resources, shared between multiple patient groups (i.e. trauma, sepsis etc.) who needed to have their assessment and treatment in critical time range
  • (Un)availability of focal resources

  • Information and knowledge exchange

Co-locationProfessionals located closer to each other had the opportunity to interact more frequently
  • Information and knowledge exchange

  • Social capital (i.e. working and social relationships)

EngagementPathway adherence strongly linked with individual professional interests and knowledge on the pathway
  • (Un)availability of focal resources

  • Information and knowledge exchange

PortfolioInteracting priorities: Pathway was confronted with the need to interact with a range of other activities and indeed other specific care pathways
  • High-workload

  • Information and knowledge exchange

  • (Un)availability of focal resources

JudgementVariation in professionals knowledge, experience and interest on stroke care, influences the effectiveness and efficiency of their judgement
  • Information and knowledge exchange

  • (Un)availability of focal resources

Improvement initiatives (i.e. meetings, co-design of protocols and guidelines)Professionals' knowledge and interests on stroke care was strongly related with their involvement in pathway improvement initiatives
  • Professionals' engagement in the pathway

  • Information and knowledge exchange

  • Social capital

ImproviseSNPs found/created new ways to avoid pathway from being broken down or fix this when happened
  • Information and knowledge exchange

  • (Un)availability of focal resources

  • Managing KPIs/SNAAP

AuthorityProfessionals' role was a source of power, enabling them to decide how and when to engage in the pathway
  • Information and knowledge exchange

  • Professionals' engagement in the pathway

CoachingSNPs coached other healthcare professionals (i.e. stroke and ED nurses, junior ED doctors, etc.) on how to practice stroke care
  • Information and knowledge exchange

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