Table 1 Added values of applying... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Added values of applying blockchain to HSCs derived from the case study

Added value	Example supporting quote from interviewees	Frequency
Greater accountability	The system showed potential to improve accountability through access to accurate information about who has responsibility for shipments, and how can this information be trusted. The system offered traceable accountability. All actors could see the current step of the shipment. Handover documentation was cryptographically valid. Transfer of ownership was transparent, so, for instance, we could see who was responsible for the shipment of which pint in time	18
Greater visibility	The technology provided accurate status reports on the provenance, use-by-dates, location and transfer of products. It was simple to see who has goods at any time. We tested a scenario where each agency could update a shipment's status, while everyone in the chain was able to check or verify what is happening to it without using middlemen	14
Greater traceability	The blockchain network gave controlled access to information, allowed different permissions for those accessing supply chain data as needed. It also removed the need for separate reconciliation procedures among different participants that could demand verification. This greater traceability in a broader perspective could reduce opportunities for fraud and theft	13
Trust	[Commitment trust:] Our aim was to empower the users to have as much control of the most critical parts of the supply chain as possible. This was partly to ensure trust in the system and partly to communicate clearly to the user exactly what information comes onto the blockchain […]. We could observe that real-time information about custodianship and accountability improved trust for key actors in the supply chain [Swift trust:] The system increased user trust with a transparent tamper-resilient system for recording consignment and handovers as well as geolocation data	11
Reduced administrative costs and improved time efficiency	The smart contracts protocol over the blockchain helped to complete at the necessary stages within the supply chain. I can envision that in a scaled application the blockchain could reduce administrative costs, save time and minimize the risk of disputes	8

Added value	Example supporting quote from interviewees	Frequency
Greater accountability	The system showed potential to improve accountability through access to accurate information about who has responsibility for shipments, and how can this information be trusted. The system offered traceable accountability. All actors could see the current step of the shipment. Handover documentation was cryptographically valid. Transfer of ownership was transparent, so, for instance, we could see who was responsible for the shipment of which pint in time	18
Greater visibility	The technology provided accurate status reports on the provenance, use-by-dates, location and transfer of products. It was simple to see who has goods at any time. We tested a scenario where each agency could update a shipment's status, while everyone in the chain was able to check or verify what is happening to it without using middlemen	14
Greater traceability	The blockchain network gave controlled access to information, allowed different permissions for those accessing supply chain data as needed. It also removed the need for separate reconciliation procedures among different participants that could demand verification. This greater traceability in a broader perspective could reduce opportunities for fraud and theft	13
Trust	[Commitment trust:] Our aim was to empower the users to have as much control of the most critical parts of the supply chain as possible. This was partly to ensure trust in the system and partly to communicate clearly to the user exactly what information comes onto the blockchain […]. We could observe that real-time information about custodianship and accountability improved trust for key actors in the supply chain[Swift trust:] The system increased user trust with a transparent tamper-resilient system for recording consignment and handovers as well as geolocation data	11
Reduced administrative costs and improved time efficiency	The smart contracts protocol over the blockchain helped to complete at the necessary stages within the supply chain. I can envision that in a scaled application the blockchain could reduce administrative costs, save time and minimize the risk of disputes	8