Table 1 Categories of barriers and... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Categories of barriers and drivers and examples by Tura et al. (2019)

Category	Drivers	Barriers
Environmental	Global trend to minimize negative environmental impact; resource scarcity	N/A
Economic	Cost savings; potential to create value from waste and production-side streams; potential for new service development	High initial investment costs; scarcity of raw material, assets or infrastructure; dominance of economic indicators in decision-making
Social	Increasing awareness of sustainability needs; increased external demand for sustainability; societal development projects supporting sustainable development	Region-specific and (local) cultures hamper the implementation of new solutions; conservativeness in business practices; lacking or uncertain customer needs
Institutional	Directing laws and EU regulation create demand for new solutions ISO standard development for solid recovered fuels	Region-specific laws and regulations against the CE solutions; conflict of interest and fluctuations in taxes and governmental subsidies – high future uncertainty
Technological and informational	Emerging process technologies support CE business; enhanced information sharing and management technologies support the creation of new services, increase transparency and enable more effective processes	Increased technical difficulty in handling CE material flows (lower homogeneity of raw material); lack of compatible technologies and high technological uncertainty; lack of practices and systems for collecting, sharing and utilising CE information
Supply chain	Increasing the transparency in the supply chain; increased availability of knowledge and technological resources through collaboration	Conflict of interest, values and modes of operations between different stakeholders; no clear responsibilities and ownership in CE projects; validating and verifying all environmental effects is a challenge for transparency and analytics
Organizational	Changed organizational structure, strategy and culture to support CE; development of skills and capabilities for CE; flexible decision-making and product/service development methods	Incapability with existing (linear) operations and development targets; conflicts with existing business culture; silo thinking and fear of risks

Category	Drivers	Barriers
Environmental	Global trend to minimize negative environmental impact; resource scarcity	N/A
Economic	Cost savings; potential to create value from waste and production-side streams; potential for new service development	High initial investment costs; scarcity of raw material, assets or infrastructure; dominance of economic indicators in decision-making
Social	Increasing awareness of sustainability needs; increased external demand for sustainability; societal development projects supporting sustainable development	Region-specific and (local) cultures hamper the implementation of new solutions; conservativeness in business practices; lacking or uncertain customer needs
Institutional	Directing laws and EU regulation create demand for new solutionsISO standard development for solid recovered fuels	Region-specific laws and regulations against the CE solutions; conflict of interest and fluctuations in taxes and governmental subsidies – high future uncertainty
Technological and informational	Emerging process technologies support CE business; enhanced information sharing and management technologies support the creation of new services, increase transparency and enable more effective processes	Increased technical difficulty in handling CE material flows (lower homogeneity of raw material); lack of compatible technologies and high technological uncertainty; lack of practices and systems for collecting, sharing and utilising CE information
Supply chain	Increasing the transparency in the supply chain; increased availability of knowledge and technological resources through collaboration	Conflict of interest, values and modes of operations between different stakeholders; no clear responsibilities and ownership in CE projects; validating and verifying all environmental effects is a challenge for transparency and analytics
Organizational	Changed organizational structure, strategy and culture to support CE; development of skills and capabilities for CE; flexible decision-making and product/service development methods	Incapability with existing (linear) operations and development targets; conflicts with existing business culture; silo thinking and fear of risks