Table 3 Tactics for improving validity... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Tactics for improving validity and reliability

Criterion	Tactics applied in the study
Objectivity/confirmability	Aiming at higher clarity in the research design and case selection
Objectivity/confirmability	Explicit data collection process
Construct and internal validity	Data triangulation: Data collection by two researchers, data from secondary sources (webpages, press releases and webinars)
	Use of a framework in the coding and data analysis processes
	Context-rich data collection
External validity	The case companies from different sectors (non-profit, public and private)
	Purposeful sampling with intensity sampling logic capturing NPOs and companies with existing relationships
	Clear description of the study context of reverse textile supply chains and valorization of post-use textile
Reliability	Shared interview guide for the researchers and use of two researchers in the interviews, coding and data analyses
Reliability	Recording and transcription of interviews using the NVivo software

Criterion	Tactics applied in the study
Objectivity/confirmability	Aiming at higher clarity in the research design and case selection
Objectivity/confirmability	Explicit data collection process
Construct and internal validity	Data triangulation: Data collection by two researchers, data from secondary sources (webpages, press releases and webinars)
	Use of a framework in the coding and data analysis processes
	Context-rich data collection
External validity	The case companies from different sectors (non-profit, public and private)
	Purposeful sampling with intensity sampling logic capturing NPOs and companies with existing relationships
	Clear description of the study context of reverse textile supply chains and valorization of post-use textile
Reliability	Shared interview guide for the researchers and use of two researchers in the interviews, coding and data analyses
Reliability	Recording and transcription of interviews using the NVivo software