Table 1 Eco-driving behaviors Considered... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Eco-driving behaviors

	Considered parameters	References
Driving-based
Accelerating	Accelerating moderately and evenly until reaching the desired speed; shifting gears optimally (between 2,000 and 2,500 RPM)	Huang et al. (2018), Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Schall and Mohnen (2017), Thijssen et al. (2014)
Decelerating	Reducing brake use; maintaining adequate distance from other vehicles; backing off the throttle; shifting gears correctly	Jamson et al. (2015), Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Zavalko (2018)
Cruising	Maintaining steady speed during the trip; avoiding over-speeding (by keeping speed below 80 km/h); applying predictive driving (i.e. proactively adjusting driving speed based on traffic); using cruise control where appropriate	Ayyildiz et al. (2017), Diaz-Ramirez et al. (2017), Huertas et al. (2018), Sanguinetti et al. (2017)
Idling	Avoiding excessive engine idling; turning off engine when stationary	Huang et al. (2018), Mensing et al. (2014), Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Thijssen et al. (2014)
Parking	Parking where the truck does not get either too hot or too cold; turning off A/C and electronics when stationary	Sanguinetti et al. (2017)
Nondriving-based
Trip planning	Checking travel conditions (e.g. congestion levels, traffic signals, speed limits); selecting optimal travel times; choosing eco-routes (e.g. declined instead of inclined, short instead of long)	Alam and McNabola (2014), Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Zavalko (2018)
Load management	Avoiding empty running; maximizing fill rates; offloading cargo that will not be used; optimizing stacking	Diaz-Ramirez et al. (2017), Sanguinetti et al. (2017)
Cabin use	Limiting use of A/C at low speeds; conservative use of heating and electronics; reducing drag (i.e. wind resistance) by closing windows	Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Sivak and Shoettle (2012)
Vehicle maintenance	Keeping tired inflated; aligning wheels; following manufacturers’ guidelines for, e.g. engine, oil, and air filters	Alam and McNabola (2014), Sanguinetti et al. (2017)
Fueling	Using proper fuel grade; avoiding topping off fuel tank; closing caps tightly	Huang et al. (2018), Sanguinetti et al. (2017)

	Considered parameters	References
Driving-based
Accelerating	Accelerating moderately and evenly until reaching the desired speed; shifting gears optimally (between 2,000 and 2,500 RPM)	Huang et al. (2018), Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Schall and Mohnen (2017), Thijssen et al. (2014)
Decelerating	Reducing brake use; maintaining adequate distance from other vehicles; backing off the throttle; shifting gears correctly	Jamson et al. (2015), Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Zavalko (2018)
Cruising	Maintaining steady speed during the trip; avoiding over-speeding (by keeping speed below 80 km/h); applying predictive driving (i.e. proactively adjusting driving speed based on traffic); using cruise control where appropriate	Ayyildiz et al. (2017), Diaz-Ramirez et al. (2017), Huertas et al. (2018), Sanguinetti et al. (2017)
Idling	Avoiding excessive engine idling; turning off engine when stationary	Huang et al. (2018), Mensing et al. (2014), Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Thijssen et al. (2014)
Parking	Parking where the truck does not get either too hot or too cold; turning off A/C and electronics when stationary	Sanguinetti et al. (2017)
Nondriving-based
Trip planning	Checking travel conditions (e.g. congestion levels, traffic signals, speed limits); selecting optimal travel times; choosing eco-routes (e.g. declined instead of inclined, short instead of long)	Alam and McNabola (2014), Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Zavalko (2018)
Load management	Avoiding empty running; maximizing fill rates; offloading cargo that will not be used; optimizing stacking	Diaz-Ramirez et al. (2017), Sanguinetti et al. (2017)
Cabin use	Limiting use of A/C at low speeds; conservative use of heating and electronics; reducing drag (i.e. wind resistance) by closing windows	Sanguinetti et al. (2017), Sivak and Shoettle (2012)
Vehicle maintenance	Keeping tired inflated; aligning wheels; following manufacturers’ guidelines for, e.g. engine, oil, and air filters	Alam and McNabola (2014), Sanguinetti et al. (2017)
Fueling	Using proper fuel grade; avoiding topping off fuel tank; closing caps tightly	Huang et al. (2018), Sanguinetti et al. (2017)

Source(s): Created by authors