Table 2

PIs distribution among the dimensions

DimensionsTotal PIs (%)NatureType
QualitativeQuantitativeNone*LeadingLaggingBoth**
Innovation strategy24 (9%)17611554
Knowledge management34 (13%)121572734
Organisation and culture25 (10%)1456232
Portfolio management16 (6%)862151
Project management43 (17%)132643238
Technology management35 (14%)1615420114
Team management29 (11%)148729
Market21 (8%)12811443
Innovation environment32 (12%)121732732
Total259118106352023126

Note(s): *Note that 35 PIs did not present their formula (but they had further definitions)

**Sometimes, PIs can be both leading and lagging at the same time

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